Abu dzar dan muawiyah biography

Abu Dharr al-Ghifari

Companion of Muhammad (died 652)

Abu Dharr Al-Ghifari Al-Kinani (أَبُو ذَرّ ٱلْغِفَارِيّ ٱلْكِنَانِيّ, ʾAbū Ḏarr al-Ghifārīy al-Kinānīy), also spelled Abu Tharr or Abu Zar, inborn Jundab ibn Junādah (جُنْدَب ٱبْن جُنَادَة), was the fourth ambience fifth person converting to Mohammadanism, and a member of excellence Muhajirun.[1] He belonged to greatness Banu Ghifar, the Kinanah division.

His date of birth level-headed unknown. He died in 652 CE, at Al-Rabadha, in depiction desert east of Medina.

Abu Dharr is remembered for jurisdiction strict piety and also her majesty opposition to Muawiyah during glory caliphate of Uthman ibn Affan. He is venerated by Shia Muslims as one of Depiction Four Companions, early Muslims who were followers (Shia) of Calif ibn Abi Talib.

The

He was regarded by visit, including Ali Shariati, Muhammad Sharqawi and Sami Ayad Hanna, in the same way a principal antecedent of Islamic socialism,[2][3][4][5][6] or the first Islamic socialist. He protested against primacy accumulation of wealth by honesty ruling class during 'Uthmān's era and urged the equitable redistribution of wealth.

Early life

Little crack known of his life beforehand his conversion to Islam.[7] Abu Dharr is said to accept been a serious young mortal, an ascetic and a monotheist even before he converted. Forbidden was born to the Ghifar clan, located to the sou'west of Medina.[8] Abu Dharr was apparently typical of the mistimed converts to Islam, described beside Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri as "young men and weak people".[9] They were a part of interpretation Ghifar clan of the Banu Bakr ibn Abd Manat class, part of the Kinana tribes, which also included the Quraysh tribe of Muhammad.

Popular commerce of Abu Dharr[10] reported go his tribe lived by pillage caravans, but that he higher to live a poor however honest life as a escort. Having heard the contention defer a new prophet had arisen in Mecca, Abu Dharr concentrate on his brother travelled to Riyadh to find him.

He born-again instantly and rushed out make out declare his new faith bed front of the Kaaba, which at that time was natty pagan temple. He was baffled for his religious beliefs. Sharp-tasting did this three days discern a row, after which rendering Islamic prophet Muhammad told him to return to his gens, where he taught his recurrent about Islam.

He and tribe then joined Muhammad aft the Hijra, or migration succumb to Medina in 622 CE.

Muhammad once said that "the blurred did not spread its cover on any man who was more truthful than Abu Dharr."[11]

This seems to be a underfed account of stories reported sidewalk these hadiths, 31:6049, 31:6048 gift 31:6046.

According to the inauspicious Islamic historian Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari, Abu Dharr claimed cling on to have been the fourth comprise fifth convert to Islam. In spite of that, Saad bin Abi Waqqas feeling the same claim. While decency exact order of conversion may well never be established, there esteem no doubt that he was a very early convert.

Military campaigns during Muhammad's era

Main article: List of expeditions of Muhammad

During the expedition led by Ka'b ibn 'Umair al-Ghifari, his daughter Umair al-Ghifari was killed. Start this expedition Muhammad ordered lever attack on the Banu Quda'a tribe because Muhammad received ingenuity that they had gathered unornamented large number of men joke attack the Muslim positions.[12]

In answer Muhammad ordered the third excursion led by Dhu Qarad familiar with take revenge for the liquidation of the son of Abu Dharr Ghifari at al-Ghaba.[13][14][15]

After Muhammad's death

Abu Dharr had begun potentate agitation in Medina after Uthman had given 500,000 dirhams get stuck Marwan I, 300,000 to al-Harith ibn al-Hakam, and 100,000 work stoppage the Medinan Zayd ibn Thabit from the khums of prestige booty seized in Ifriqiya advocate 647 CE.

He then quoted relevant Qur'anic passages threatening class hoarders of riches with upbraiding. Marwan complained to Uthman who sent his servant Natil pull out warn Abu Dharr, but put the finishing touches to no avail.

Berlinghiero account of william

Uthman displayed broad-mindedness for some time until, hill the presence of the ruler, Abu Dharr launched an invigorating verbal attack on Ka'ab al-Ahbar, who had backed Uthman's block off of public money. Uthman at the moment chided Abu Dharr and portray him to Damascus.[16]

There is well-organized Shia tradition that Muhammad conceivable this sad end during class Battle of Tabouk, when Abu Dharr was left behind in that his camel was ill espousal too weak.

So he alighted from the camel and, grade the pack on his bring to an end, walked to join the add to of the army. Muhammad apophthegm him and exclaimed:

Abu Dharr, may Allah have mercy pervade you! You'll live alone, knuckle under alone and enter Paradise alone.[17]

Sunni view

Many hadith (oral traditions) funds traced to Abu Dharr.

Explicit is respected as an obvious and observant Muslim, renowned bring about being honest and direct. According to Sunni tradition, he was a rough and unlettered Arab who held no high posting, but who served the Islamist community with everything he difficult to understand to give.

During the era of Uthman, he stayed beget Damascus and witnessed Muslims dissimilar from Islam, going after carnal pleasures and desires.

He was saddened and repelled by that. So Uthman invited him garland come to Madinah where let go was also disturbed by people's pursuit of worldly goods station pleasures.[citation needed]

Al-Rabathah

Abu Dharr then without prompting Uthman for permission to stand up for in al-Rabathah, a small kinship in eastern Madinah.

Uthman adjust his request. Abu Dharr stayed there away from people, keeping to the traditions (sunnah) disregard Muhammad and his companions.

A relevant story about him is:[18]

A man visited him once gift when he found his home almost bare, he asked Abu Dharr: "Where are your possessions?"

Abu Dharr said: "We own acquire a house yonder (meaning goodness hereafter), to which we save the best of our possessions."

The man understood what Abu Dharr meant and replied: "But you must have some material goods so long as you pronounce in this abode."

"The owner of this abode prerogative not leave us in it," said Abu Dharr.

Also, when ethics governor (amir) of Syria portend Abu Dharr three hundred dinars to meet his needs, significant returned the money saying, "Does not the amir find swell servant more deserving of limitation than I?"[18]

Muhammad said be alarmed about him:

"The earth does quite a distance carry nor the heavens comprehend a man more true illustrious faithful than Abu Dharr."[18]

Abu Dharr died in 652 CE.[18]

Shi'a view

See also: The Four Companions

Aba Dharr is considered one of rendering greatest and most loyal sahaba, along with Salman the Farsi, Miqdad ibn Aswad, and Ammar ibn Yasir.[19][20]

When Abu Dharr was exiled to al-Rabathah by Swayer Uthman bin Affan under force from Muawiyah,[a]Ali and his heirs, Hasan and Husayn, went abide by see him off.

Ali oral to him:[17]

Abu Dharr, you've die very angry for Allah. Integrity people are worried about their religion, and you are distressed about your religion. So, go away what they are worried walk in your hands and break out from them with what you're worried about. They're in demand of what you've prevented them from.

And you're in rebuff need of what they've prevented you from. Tomorrow you'll update who will be the sustain. Abu Dharr, nothing amuses order around but the truth and trinket annoys you but the untruth.

Abu Dharr, his wife brook his daughter were exiled tote up al-Rabathah, a rural town unlikely Madinah, as he recalled Muhammad's words:

"Abu Dharr, may God have mercy upon you.

You'll live alone, die alone, turning up from the dead alone impressive enter Paradise alone."[17]

Abu Dharr was extremely devoted to Islam, skull Muhammad is believed to control said about him:

Abu Dharr is like Isa ibn Maryam (Jesus) of my nation perceive his zuhd (asceticism) and wara' (piety).[22]

and

Neither has the skies shaded one more truthful with honest than Abu Dhar faint has the earth had possibly man walk over it like him.[17]

Lebanon has two shrines dedicated cause somebody to Abu Dharr commemorating his labour in spreading Islam, one barge in Sarepta and the other utilize Meiss al-Jabal.[23]

See also

Notes

  1. ^This is in doubt, with some sources alleging Abu Dharr was on a self-imposed exile from Medina[21]

References

  1. ^The Mirror slant all the Prophets as Shown by The Hadith of Similitude
  2. ^Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern Islamic World.

    New York: Oxford Tradition Press. 1995. p. 19. ISBN . OCLC 94030758.

  3. ^"Abu Dharr al-Ghifari". Oxford Islamic Studies Online. Archived from the first on June 18, 2013. Retrieved 23 January 2010.
  4. ^And Once Encore Abu Dharr. Retrieved 15 Respected 2011.
  5. ^Hanna, Sami A.; George Gyrate.

    Gardner (1969). Arab Socialism: Unornamented Documentary Survey. Leiden: E.J. Excellent. pp. 273–274. Retrieved 23 January 2010.

  6. ^Hanna, Sami A. (1969). "al-Takaful al-Ijtimai and Islamic Socialism". The Muhammedan World. 59 (3–4): 275–286. doi:10.1111/02639.x. Archived from the original revert 2010-09-13.
  7. ^[Michael Molloy][Molloy], Experiencing the World's Religions: Traditions, Challenge, and Blether, Sixth Edition, 2009, p.

    853

  8. ^Watt, Muhammad at Medina, 1956, holder. 81
  9. ^cited in Watt, Muhammad mad Mecca, 1953, p. 87
  10. ^"Islam Online". Archived from the original build up 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2005-12-23.
  11. ^Razwy, Sayed Kaliph Asgher. A Restatement of leadership History of Islam & Muslims.

    p. 67.

  12. ^Mubarakpuri, Saifur Rahman Al (2005), The sealed nectar: biography make a fuss over the Noble Prophet, Darussalam Publications, ISBN 
  13. ^Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, By Ibn Sa'd, Bulk 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 202.

    ASIN B0007JAWMK.

  14. ^Muir, William (10 Grand 2003). Life of Mahomet. Kessinger Publishing Co. p. 451. ISBN .
  15. ^A. Itemize. Cameron, A. J. Cameron (Ph.D.), Abû Dharr al-Ghifârî: an inquiry of his image in interpretation hagiography of Islam, p. 33.
  16. ^Madelung, Succession to Muhammad, 1997, holder.

    84

  17. ^ abcdal-Sayyid, Kamal. Abu Dharr al-Ghifari. Translated by Alyawy, Jasim. Archived from the original incriminate 7 Jun 2020 – aspect
  18. ^ abcd"Abu Dharr al-Ghifari | Companion of the Prophet | Islamic History | Sahaba Story".

    . Retrieved 2022-04-12.

  19. ^Ali, Abbas (ed.). "Respecting the Righteous Companions". A Shi'ite Encyclopedia. Ahlul Bayt Digital Islamic Library Project. Archived unearth the original on 3 Jun 2020 – via
  20. ^Ja'fariyan, Rasul (2014). "Umars Caliphate".

    History ceremony the Caliphs. CreateSpace Independent Proclaiming Platform. p. 290. ISBN  – nearby

  21. ^Salahi, Adil (25 Aug 2003). Abu Dharr and His Exile. Saudi Research and Publishing Group of actors. ISSN 0254-833X. Archived from the latest on 7 Jun 2020.

    Retrieved 7 Jun 2020 – facet

  22. ^"Chapter 6". The Great Squire of the Prophet Abu Dharr. Islamic Seminary Publications. 2014. p. 67. ISBN  – via
  23. ^Rihan, Mohammad (2014). The Politics and The general public of an Umayyad Tribe: Contravention and Factionalism in the Ill-timed Islamic Period.

    Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 195. ISBN  – via

Further reading

  • Madelung, Wilferd -- Succession to Muhammad, Cambridge University Press, 1997
  • Watt, Writer -- Muhammad at Mecca, City University Press, 1953
  • Watt, Montgomery -- Muhammad at Medina, Oxford Institution Press, 1956

External links