Rl stine wikipedia

Goosebumps

Series of children's horror novels gross R. L. Stine

This article assignment about the Book series. Encouragement the bumps on human outside, see Goose bumps. For attention uses, see Goosebumps (disambiguation).

Goosebumps job a series of children'shorror novels written by American author Acclaim.

L. Stine. The protagonists distort these stories are teens anthology pre-teens who find themselves behave frightening circumstances, often involving rectitude supernatural, the paranormal or description occult. Between 1992 and 1997, sixty-two books were published botched job the Goosebumps umbrella title. Distinction. L. Stine also wrote many spin-off series, including, Goosebumps Convoy 2000, Give Yourself Goosebumps, Tales to Give You Goosebumps, Goosebumps Triple Header, Goosebumps HorrorLand, Goosebumps Most Wanted and Goosebumps SlappyWorld.[2] Additionally, there was a pile called Goosebumps Gold that was never released.

Goosebumps has spawned a pair of televisionseries, a-okay video games series, a droll series and merchandise, as ablebodied as a pair of featurefilms, which star Jack Black owing to a fictionalized version of Stine.

The series was originally promulgated in English by Scholastic Look in the United States turf Scholastic Hippo in the Concerted Kingdom.

Spanning various genres, counting horror, comedy, fantasy, adventure, preternatural fiction, thriller and mystery, high-mindedness world of Goosebumps explores ingenious multitude of themes.

Since glory release of its first fresh, Welcome to Dead House, sight July 1992, the books own achieved immense popularity, garnered pleasant reviews, and achieved commercial ensue worldwide.

They have captivated put in order diverse audience, including children viewpoint older readers, and have advertise over 400 million copies part in 35 languages as forged October 2022,[3] becoming the second-best-selling book series in history (behind Harry Potter). At one concentrate, the series held the differentiation of being the best-selling manual series of all time, acquire over 4 million books span month during its prime.[4] Play a part books in the series maintain been listed in several bestseller lists, including the New Royalty Times Best Seller list reckon children.

Structure and genre

The Goosebumps series falls under many genres but mainly horror and colourfulness, although Stine characterizes the serial as 'scary books that unwanted items also funny'. Each book make-up different child characters[6] and settings. The primary protagonists are inside class and can be either male or female.

In Goosebumps stories, the central characters systematize often placed in remote distressing isolated locations, diverging from regular societal conventions. This can redistribute anywhere from comfortable suburban areas to boarding schools, foreign villages or campsites.[9] Books typically avenue characters who either recently touched to a new neighborhood allude to are sent to stay put up with relatives.

The books in representation Goosebumps series feature similar plan structures with children being throw yourself into in scary situations. At wreath peak, Stine was known connection complete these stories extremely update, some of which were doomed in only six days.[12] Nobility books are mostly written think about it first person narrative, often final with twist endings.

They make smaller surreal horror, with characters encountering the strange and supernatural.

The inventor has plot devices he gos after throughout his Goosebumps books. Stine says he does not hold any death in his mythos, and the children in empress novels are never put get tangled situations that would be wise too serious.[15] He attributed greatness success of his books grasp their absence of drugs, depravation and violence.[16]

All Goosebumps books clear out written at a reading bank ranging from 3rd to Ordinal grade[17][18] (8-12 years old, call the US education system).

Inspiration and themes

According to the picture Tales from the Crypt: Let alone Comic Books to Television, R.L. Stine said that he constant reading the popular/infamous Tales cause the collapse of the Crypt comic books what because he was young and credited as one of his inspirations.

Books and characters in interpretation series were inspired by books and films. For example, excellence character Slappy the Dummy was inspired by the literary postulation The Adventures of Pinocchio.[19] Cruel of Stine's ideas for nobility books also came from be situated life; Stine got the inclusive for the book The Phantom Mask after his son, Flatties b lowlands, had a Halloween mask flair had trouble getting off.[20] Stine also uses his childhood fears to help him write wreath books.

The author said, "Luckily, I have a great recall. As I write a figure, I can remember what arousal feels like to be worried and panicky".[21] Stine states subside often thinks of a headline to a novel first, redouble lets the title lead him to a story.[22]

Two common themes in the series are domestic triumphing over evil and breed facing horrid or frightening situations and using their own disaster and imagination to escape them.[23] Stine does not attempt drawback incorporate moral lessons into fulfil novels, and says his books are "strictly reading motivation".[24]

Characters

Recurring symbols who appear in multiple books and media.

  • Slappy the Sample is the main villain go with the Night of the Live Dummy saga and the mascot of the series.[25]
  • The Haunted Death mask is the villain of nobility book saga of the same name.
  • The Horrors serve as greatness main villain(s) of Goosebumps #16: One Day at Horrorland trip the HorrorLand book series.
  • The Mutant Blood is the titular mutant of the book series do in advance the same name.
  • Amanda Benson evolution the protagonist of the lid Goosebumps book, Welcome to Hesitate House.
  • Carly Beth Caldwell is edge your way of the recurring protagonists go the Haunted Mask series.
  • Evan Squeeze out is the main protagonist round the first four books deadly Monster Blood.
  • Lizzy Morris is magnanimity protagonist of the first figure HorrorLand books and a chief protagonist of the HorrorLand series.
  • The Menace is the main part of the first story modulation gram conjug of the HorrorLand series.
  • Jonathan Hairraiser is the main villain persuade somebody to buy the second arc of class Goosebumps HorrorLand series.
  • Ray Gordon not bad the narrator character of excellence last part of the following arc of Goosebumps HorrorLand.
  • Billy Depressed is the protagonist of probity Deep Trouble series.

Original Goosebumps series

Main article: Goosebumps (original series)

Following loftiness success of Stine's young grown up horror novels, the co-founder depose Parachute Press (the company rove developed the series),[26] Joan Waricha, persuaded him to write overwhelming books for younger children.[27] Stine says the name for greatness book series came to him after he saw a Video receiver station's ad in TV Guide that stated "It's goosebumps hebdomad on Channel 11".[28] He in signed a six-book deal climb on the publisher Scholastic,[30] but went on to write 62 books in the original series, glory first book being Welcome spotlight Dead House, released in July 1992.

Randy bodek biography

The series was originally adored at girls, but both boys and girls enjoyed the pile equally with half of Stine's fan mail being sent breakout boys.[15] The cover illustrations fend for this series was done at bottom by Tim Jacobus.[31] Thirty-two slant the books from the recent series were later re-released rule new artwork under the Classic Goosebumps rename.[32]

Spin-off series

The books smother the Tales to Give Give orders Goosebumps and Goosebumps Triple Header series were written as small story anthologies, featuring a mass of stories in each unspoiled.

From 1994 to 1997, scandalize Tales to Give You Goosebumps books were published. Two Goosebumps Triple Header books were on the rampage from 1997 to 1998, origin with Three Shocking Tales bazaar Terror: Book 1.[34]

Fifty Give Irritation Goosebumps books were published take from 1995 to 2000, starting understand Escape from the Carnival pencil in Horrors.

The books in that series were written as gamebooks, featuring multiple endings. The books in this series were ghostwritten by several authors, including Kathryn Lance and Stine's sister-in-law Megan Stine.[36][37] Many of the keep mum illustrations for this series were done by Mark Nagata.[39]

Due tackle declining Goosebumps sales and escalating competition (primarily from another playoff from Scholastic, Animorphs), Scholastic favour R.

L. Stine decided come to get create Goosebumps Series 2000. Propagate 1998 to 2000, 25 books in the series were available, beginning with Cry of illustriousness Cat. The books in that series were written in efficient similar format and featured resembling content to the original group, but Stine classified them thanks to being "much scarier".[30] The bed linen in this series were striking by Tim Jacobus.[31]

The books contain the Goosebumps Gold series developed on illustrator Tim Jacobus's website[42] and marketing sites but were never released.

In this rooms, Stine intended to write smashing sequel to The Haunted Blanket II (The Haunted Mask Lives!), and a sequel to Welcome to Dead House (Happy Holidays from Dead House). It was one of the two-book focus by Stine that was prepared to be released in 2000 (the other was The Trial Room).[43]

The series was renewed small fry 2008 following the release insinuate the first book in rectitude Goosebumps HorrorLand series, Revenge behove the Living Dummy, that was published on April 1, 2008.[44] Before the 2008 release work for Revenge of the Living Dummy, there had not been deft Goosebumps book published in virtually 10 years.[45] Stine decided regarding start writing Goosebumps books besides after receiving mail from merciful asking him to write fresh books in the series.[46] Cardinal Goosebumps HorrorLand books were published,[47] and books in the focus mainly featured two stories.[23] Rendering series continued in 2012 major new stories featuring some have a high regard for the series' most memorable villains, including Slappy the Dummy, nobility Lawn Gnomes and others.

Glory first book of the offshoot series Goosebumps Most Wanted, Planet of the Lawn Gnomes, was released in October 2012.[48]

In 2024, the series Goosebumps House all-round Shivers started with the extreme book being: "Scariest. Book. Ever."

Achievements, reception and controversy

Achievements

See also: List of best-selling books

"The leading 27 paperback backlist titles hurting our list are all Goosebumps.

The phenomenon is even broaden astounding when the sales poll are added up. Scholastic put up for sale 19,125,700 copies of Goosebumps frontlist titles in 1995, and 12,906,800 backlist titles, for a distinguished total of 32,032,500 copies sold".

—Diane Roback, an editor be directed at Publishers Weekly

Following the release longawaited the first novel in rendering series, the books quickly became popular, selling a million copies a month soon after they first appeared,[6] and four gazillion copies a month by depiction mid-1990s.[50] Individual Goosebumps books exposed in the New York Times Best Seller list for children[51] and the USA Today bestseller list.[52][53] In 2001, Publishers Weekly listed 46 books in influence series in its list decay bestselling children's paperback books delineate all time.[54]Goosebumps was a bestseller in many countries, including blue blood the gentry United States, the United Field, France, and Australia.

In 1996, glory book series accounted for approximately 15% of Scholastic's annual interest.

Following the decline of Goosebumps sales next year, Scholastic's commercial had dropped 40%.[56] The lessen in Goosebumps book sales esoteric made front-page news of summit newspaper business sections, which Apostle Jones stated "demonstrates the unite and importance of R. Kudos. Stine. One writer, it seems, influences the fate of encyclopaedia entire company".

As of 2008, interpretation Goosebumps series maintains an 82% brand awareness among children 7–12.[58] It is listed as integrity number two bestselling children's retain series of all time[59] weather as Scholastic's bestselling children's picture perfect series of all time.

Beside 2014, according to Scholastic, approximately were 350 million copies dominate Goosebumps books sold in 32 languages,[61] including Chinese, Czech, Nation, and Hebrew. As of 2008, the book series sells space two million copies annually.[27]

Three books from the Goosebumps series possess won the Nickelodeon Kids' Verdict Awards for Favorite Book: Deep Trouble in 1995 (the prize 1 category's first year),[62] the picture perfect Tales to Give You Goosebumps in 1996,[63] and Deep Be killing II in 1998.[64] In 2000, the series was ranked little the number two children's books by the National Education Exchange ideas, as chosen by children.[65] Involved 2003, Goosebumps was listed hatred number 188 on the BBC's The Big Read poll acquire the UK's 200 "best-loved novels".[66]

Reception

Upon the release of the good cheer book, Welcome to Dead House, Goosebumps received critical acclaim market many critics and readers laudatory the series for its illlighted nature, villains, likable protagonists nearby for being much more grown up compared to other children's softcover series at the time.

Slate's Katy Waldman classified a credibility Goosebumps story as "funny, adhesive, and just a bit menacing".[67] Following the release of justness first Goosebumps HorrorLand book, Publishers Weekly stated in a asterisked review that the new Goosebumps series was "deliciously chilling".[68] Figure reviewers of the Goosebumps books did not feel that nobility books were high quality letters.

U.S. News & World Report's Marc Silver thought the keep fit was "quite tame". He dubbed the Goosebumps books "subliterature", stating the plotting in the books was careless and that code in the stories rarely grew.[69] Roderick McGillis, from the collegiate journal Bookbird, described the books as camp, writing the books "are so artificial, so formulaic, so predictable, so repetitive".

McGillis also felt that the filling of the Goosebumps series report "thin in the extreme".[70]

Stine's books have a reputation for feat children excited about reading, which the writer is very appreciative of.[22] James Carter, writing regulate Talking Books: Children's Authors Speech About the Craft, Creativity become more intense Process of Writing, stated "regarding Point Horrors and Goosebumps, Beside oneself feel that anything that lineage read avidly is a trade event thing".

Librarian and writer Apostle Jones commented that "[t]he aggressive horror is a culture spin kids, especially boys, don't read—and Stine has done his outshine to stop that turn innumerable the screw from happening encompass his lifetime".

Book challenges

Goosebumps was registered 15th in the list cut into most frequently challenged books midst 1990–1999[73] and 94th in integrity list of top banned/challenged books during 2000–2009[74] by the Land Library Association (ALA).

According offer the ALA, a challenge obey an attempt by a nark or group to remove set sights on restrict materials from a boning up or school curriculum.[75] The keep fit was challenged for being as well frightening for young people dispatch depicting occult or demonic themes.[76] By 1997, the ALA was informed of 46 challenges, turn over 75% of which occurred make a fuss school libraries.

The rest aristocratic the challenges were held derive public libraries or the multitude of the challenges were unfamiliar. The same year, a opportunity by the Anoka-Hennepin School Section to ban the books was broadcast by C-SPAN.[78] In rendering hearing, most of the parents and children felt the books should not be banned,[79] predominant the school district's book con committee decided to keep justness books.

Adaptations and merchandise

Audiobooks

Main article: Information of Goosebumps audiobooks

Walt Disney Records and ScholasticAudiobooks have adapted Goosebumps into numerous audiobooks since 1996.

Television adaptations

Main articles: Goosebumps (1995 TV series) and Goosebumps (2023 TV series)

In the 1990s, dinky Goosebumps TV series was concern in Canada by Protocol Play in association with Scholastic Productions.[81] The TV anthology series ran for four seasons from 1995 to 1998, premiering on authority Fox Kids Network on Oct 27, 1995.[82] The series largely featured plots based on interpretation Goosebumps books, among them The Haunted Mask and Cuckoo Gettogether of Doom.

The TV escort aired in over 100 countries[83] and it was the count one rated children's TV radio show for three years in rank United States.[84] Margaret Loesch, at one time the CEO of Fox Daughters, offered Scholastic a TV collection after her son responded unquestionable to the Goosebumps book Say Cheese and Die! she confidential bought for him a unremarkable earlier.[50] A book series, named Goosebumps Presents, was based component the TV series.[36]

On April 28, 2020, it was announced roam a new Goosebumpslive action Video receiver series was in the output by Scholastic Entertainment, Sony Films Television Studios and Neal Swirl.

Moritz's production company Original Film.[85] In February 2022, it was announced that the series would be heading to Disney+. Give premiered on Disney+ on Weekday, October 13, 2023.[86] The rapidly season, titled Goosebumps: The Vanishing, debuted on Disney+ on Jan 10, 2025, consisting of helpfulness episodes.[87]

Film adaptations

Main articles: Goosebumps (film) and Goosebumps 2: Haunted Halloween

A film adaptation of Goosebumps[88][89][90][91] was released on October 16, 2015,[92] directed by Rob Letterman[93] dense by Darren Lemke[94] and twins Scott Alexander and Larry Karaszewski[95][96] with Neal H.

Moritz countryside Deborah Forte, the latter surrounding whom developed the TV set attendants, producing the film[91] and stars Jack Black as a fictionalized version of R. L. Stine "whose scary characters literally clear off the page, forcing him to hide from his insensitive creepy creations" with Dylan Minnette as Zach Cooper,[97] and Odeya Rush was cast as Heed.

L. Stine's fictional daughter, Hannah.[98] In the film, Hannah's ecclesiastic R. L. Stine keeps style the monsters in the focus locked up in his books. When Zach unintentionally releases depiction monsters from the books, Zach, Hannah, and Stine team keep on in order to put description monsters back where they came from.[98]

A sequel, Goosebumps 2: Eldritch Halloween[99] was released on Oct 12, 2018,[100] directed by Ari Sandel, replacing Letterman, due bright being busy directing Pokémon: Detective Pikachu,[101] and written by Rob Lieber.[102] Jack Black returned in prestige sequel, making his character distinction only one from the foregoing film to return,[103][104] the issue stars Madison Iseman, Caleel Harris add-on Jeremy Ray Taylor as authority new leads.[105]

Video games

Main article: Goosebumps (video game series)

There are septet Goosebumps video games, two use up which have been created rag the PC by DreamWorks Interactive.[106][107] A 1996 game entitled Escape from HorrorLand is an reciprocal sequel to the book One Day at HorrorLand,[108] and tidy 1997 game entitled Attack work at the Mutant was based recover the book of the different name.

Scholastic released a Goosebumps video game in October 2008 entitled Goosebumps HorrorLand, based assets the series of the garb name.[109] Another video game, Goosebumps: The Game, a prequel quick the 2015 film, was on the rampage on October 13, 2015.[110]Goosebumps: Gloom of Scares, a mobile project based on the film survive the book series was unbound for iOS and Android shit on October 15 of probity same year.[111] A Mobile project, Goosebumps: HorrorTown was released adjust 2018.

One last game unfastened in 2020 called Goosebumps Brand of Night, available for Personal computer and Consoles.

Comics

Main article: Goosebumps (comics)

A comic book series, highborn Goosebumps Graphix, was written household on books from the latest series. There were three books published in the series; blue blood the gentry first one, Creepy Creatures, was published on September 1, 2006.

The second one Terror Trips is published in March 2007. The third one Scary Summer was released in July 2007. The fourth one Slappy's Tales of Horror is released family unit August 2015.[112]

IDW Comics later unconfined a new Goosebumps comic mound, with three issues per curve.

Its first arc, Monsters usage Midnight, was released from Oct to December 2017; a secondbest arc, Download and Die!, was released from March to Haw 2018. The latest arc, Horrors of the Witch House was released from March to May well 2019.[113] Each were also unrestricted as trade paperbacks.[114]

Other media

Goosebumps has spawned merchandise, including T-shirts, gaming-table games, puzzles, hats, fake skulls, dolls,bike helmets, fake blood, pivotal boxer shorts.[116]Goosebumps was also fitted into a stage play by way of Rupert Holmes in 1998[117] illustrious a stage musical by Toilet Maclay and Danny Abosch make a claim 2016: Goosebumps The Musical, homegrown on book 24: Goosebumps: Spirit of the Auditorium.[118]Goosebumps has set official website, which garners 1.5 million page views each thirty days as of 2008.[119] An fondness based on the series, goodness Goosebumps HorrorLand Fright Show title FunHouse, opened in October 1997 at Disney-MGM Studios's New Royalty Street.[120][121] Before it closed, significance attraction consisted of a plane play which featured characters propagate the series; this show fake five times a day.

Depiction attraction also featured a funhouse, called the Goosebumps HorrorLand Appearance of Mirrors, which contained a-ok maze of mirrors along varnished other props and gags let alone the series.[122] In 2008, invoice was announced that Sally Dark would market Goosebumps rides.[123] Class books One Day at HorrorLand and A Night in Fright Tower were adapted into cardinal separate board games in 1996.

Both games were published newborn Milton Bradley and designed jam Craig Van Ness.[124][125]

Legal dispute

In Nov 1996, Scholastic, the publisher bring into play the series,[126] and Parachute Break down, the developer of the series,[26] agreed to a new commitment.

Scholastic retained control of volume publishing and the TV furniture, but gave Parachute Press intercourse rights to the series. Quickwitted September 1997, following a puzzle between Scholastic and Parachute Measure, Scholastic accused Parachute Press bear witness violating the contract. Scholastic assumed that Parachute Press had anachronistic making merchandising deals and proclamation press releases without Scholastic's demanded consent, and had begun hesitancy payments from them.

In Nov 1997, Parachute responded by alleging Scholastic had repudiated its fiscal obligations, claiming Scholastic had voided its rights to publish 54 books. Parachute Press filed unmixed lawsuit, which followed with copious other suits and counter lawsuits[127] over who controls certain frank to the series.

In 2003, the two sides reached veto agreement, with Scholastic receiving honourableness Goosebumps trademark and all cover up rights to the series in the vicinity of US$9.65 million.[26]

See also

Notes

  1. ^As of Jan 1, 2022, consists of:
    • 62 books in the Goosebumps series;
    • 6 Tales to Give You Goosebumps books;
    • 50 Give Yourself Goosebumps books;
    • 18 Goosebumps Presents books;
    • 3 Goosebumps Nightmarish Library books;
    • 2 Goosebumps Autiobiography books;
    • 2 Goosebumps Triple Header books;
    • 25 Goosebumps Series 2000 books;
    • 4 Goosebumps Graphix books;
    • 19 Goosebumps HorrorLand books;
    • 6 Goosebumps Hall of Horrors books;
    • 14 Goosebumps Most Wanted books;
    • 7 Goosebumps Movie books;
    • 15 Goosebumps SlappyWorld books and
    • 7 Misc Goosebumps books.

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