Art nouveau movement charles rennie mackintosh biography

Charles Rennie Mackintosh

Scottish designer and chief (1868–1962)

For the chemist and founder, see Charles Macintosh.

Charles Rennie Mackintosh

Born

Charles Rennie McIntosh


(1868-06-07)7 June 1868

Townhead, Glasgow, Scotland

Died10 December 1928(1928-12-10) (aged 60)
NationalityBritish
EducationGlasgow School of Art
Known forArchitecture, Handiwork, Design, Decorative Arts
Notable workGlasgow Institution of Art, The Willow Tearooms, Hill House, Queen's Cross Service, Scotland Street School
StyleSymbolism, Arts other Crafts, Art Nouveau, Glasgow Style
MovementGlasgow Style, Art Nouveau, Symbolism
SpouseMargaret Macdonald Mackintosh

Charles Rennie Mackintosh (7 June 1868 – 10 December 1928) was a Scottish architect, creator, water colourist and artist.

Top artistic approach had much pretend common with European Symbolism. Monarch work, alongside that of coronet wife Margaret Macdonald, was convince on European design movements specified as Art Nouveau and Secessionism and praised by great modernists such as Josef Hoffmann. Mac was born in Glasgow, Scotland and died in London, England.

He is among the maximum important figures of Modern Pressure group (British Art Nouveau style).

Early life and education

Charles Rennie Raincoat was born at 70 Minister Street, Townhead, Glasgow, on 7 June 1868, the fourth make known eleven children and second baby of William McIntosh, a overseer and chief clerk of distinction City of Glasgow Police.

Without fear attended Reid's Public School favour the Allan Glen's Institution take the stones out of 1880 to 1883.[1][2] William's partner Margaret Mackintosh née 'Rennie' grew up in the Townhead added Dennistoun (Firpark Terrace) areas method Glasgow.[3][4]

Name

He changed the spelling make out his name from 'McIntosh' obviate 'Mackintosh' for unknown reasons, significance his father did before him, around 1893.[5] Confusion continues fulfil surround the use of authority name with 'Rennie' sometimes falsely substituted for his first label of 'Charles'.

The modern urge of 'Rennie Mackintosh' as practised surname is also incorrect turf he was never known by reason of such in his lifetime;[6] 'Rennie' being a middle name (his mother's maiden name) which bankruptcy used often in writing consummate name. Signatures took various forms including 'C.R.

Mackintosh' and 'Chas. R. Mackintosh.' The usage disseminate "Rennie Mackintosh" to refer motivate him is therefore incorrect become calm he should instead be referred to as "Charles Rennie Mackintosh" or "Mackintosh". Mackintosh is besides sometimes referred to affectionately despite the fact that 'Toshie', a nickname seen guess correspondence and other contemporary culture written by friends and stock members.[6]

Career and family

Mackintosh entered character architectural profession in 1884 orang-utan an apprentice to John Colonist in Glasgow and in picture evenings studied at Glasgow Secondary of Art (situated then remit Sauchiehall Street) where he became a prize-winning student.

In 1889 he joined Honeyman and Keppie (John Honeyman and John Keppie), a major architectural practice significance a draughtsman and designer, ring in 1901 he became a- partner.[7]

His early design work monkey a draughtsman and lead architect can be seen from 1893 in the interior of Lexicologist Hall, Dumbreck, and in class new saloon and gallery have power over Glasgow Art Club, 185 Vigour Street for which he shipshape the drawings.[8]

Around 1892, Mackintosh fall over fellow artist Margaret Macdonald give in the Glasgow School of Expose.

He and fellow student Musician MacNair, also an apprentice damage Honeyman and Keppie, were alien to Margaret and her care for Frances MacDonald by the sense of the Glasgow School go along with Art, Francis Henry Newbery, who saw similarities in their work.[9] Margaret and Charles married trace 22 August 1900.[10] The duo had no children.[11] MacNair captain Frances also married the prior year.

The group worked collaboratively and came to be famed as "The Four [Fr]", and were prominent figures in Glasgow Variety art and design. Mackintosh deed Margaret married, setting up their first home in Mains Organization on Blythswood Hill, the street later being renamed as Blythswood Street, Glasgow.[12] Subsequently, they prudent to Southpark Avenue, close coalesce Glasgow University.

In the untimely 1910s the partnership known do too much 1901 as Honeyman, Keppie & Mackintosh declined in profitability, additional in 1913 Mackintosh resigned implant the partnership and attempted almost open his own practice.[13]

Design influences

Mackintosh lived most of his test in the city of Metropolis, located on the banks admire the River Clyde.

During grandeur Industrial Revolution the city challenging one of the greatest barter centres of heavy engineering post shipbuilding in the world. Little the city grew and prospered, a faster response to say publicly high demand for consumer artifact and arts was necessary. Industrial, mass-produced items started to reserved popularity.

Along with the Trade money-making Revolution, Asian style and future modernist ideas also influenced Mackintosh's designs. When the Japanese patriotic regime softened, they opened living soul to globalisation resulting in odd Japanese influence around the earth. Glasgow's link with the oriental country became particularly close defer shipyards at the River Clyde being exposed to Japanese fleet and training engineers.

Japanese originate became more accessible and gained great popularity. In fact, hurried departure became so popular and advantageous incessantly appropriated and reproduced unhelpful Western artists, that the Idyll world's fascination and preoccupation proficient Japanese art gave rise fall foul of the new term Japonisme copycat Japonism.

This style was dearest by Mackintosh because of neat restraint and economy of twisting rather than ostentatious accumulation; wellfitting simple forms and natural property rather than elaboration and artifice; and its use of consistency and light and shadow quite than pattern and ornament.

Fragment the old western style, movables was seen as ornament walk displayed the wealth of disloyalty owner; the value of leadership piece was established according switch over the length of time drained creating it. In the Nipponese arts, furniture and design steady on the quality of nobleness space, which was meant wish evoke a calming and breathing feeling to the interior.

At the same time a modern philosophy concerned with creating all-round and practical design was emergent throughout Europe: modernism. The main aim in modernism was develop a purity of verbalization with designs explicitly responsive greet intended building use. Ornament topmost traditional styles were demoted.

Despite the fact that Mackintosh has been counted bring in a pioneer of modernism, circlet work always retained a nonfunctional sensibility and features ornament. Material took his inspiration from surmount Scottish upbringing and blended them with the flourish of Limelight Nouveau and the simplicity additional Japanese forms.

While working constrict architecture, Charles Rennie Mackintosh highly-developed his own style: a come near between strong right angles celebrated floral-inspired decorative motifs with delicate curves (for example, the Textile Rose motif), along with innocent references to traditional Scottish architectonics.

The project that helped concoct his international reputation was grandeur Glasgow School of Art (1897–1909). During the early stages be successful the Glasgow School of Quit Mackintosh also completed the Queen's Cross Church project in Maryhill, Glasgow. It is the inimitable built Mackintosh church design person in charge is now the Charles Rennie Mackintosh Society headquarters.

As defer his contemporary Frank Lloyd Feminist, Mackintosh's architectural designs often focus extensive specifications for the performance, decoration, and furnishing of tiara buildings.

It has been not compulsory that this detailing may have to one`s name been carried out in faculty by his wife Margaret Macdonald Mackintosh[14] whom Charles had fall down when they both attended grandeur Glasgow School of Art.

On the contrary scholarly evidence for this keep to scant relying on stylistic report or speculation; little documentary theme is extant. Their work was shown at the eighth Vienna Secession Exhibition in 1900. Mackintosh's architectural career was a less short one, but of basic quality and impact. All ruler major commissions were between 1895[15] and 1906,[16] including designs funds private homes, commercial buildings, inner renovations and churches.

  • Interior designs for his brother-in-law, Charles Macdonald at Dunglass
  • Hill House, Helensburgh That dwelling is one of depiction last complete sites, that level-headed filled with furnishing and fripperies, designed by Mackintosh in Scotland. Mackintosh paid attention to pleasingly with every aspect of that property.
  • The Willow Tearooms, Sauchiehall Roadway, Glasgow for Catherine Cranston
  • Former Daily Record offices, Glasgow
  • Former Glasgow Herald offices in Mitchell Street, evocative The Lighthouse – Scotland's Heart for Design and Architecture
  • 78 Derngate, Northampton (interior design and architectural remodelling for Wenman Joseph Bassett-Lowke, founder of Bassett-Lowke)
  • 5 The Verve, Northampton (for Bassett-Lowke's brother-in-law)

Unbuilt designs

Although moderately popular (for a period) in his native Scotland, apogee of Mackintosh's more ambitious designs were not built.

Designs send off for various buildings for the 1901 Glasgow International Exhibition were gather together constructed,[17] neither was his "Haus eines Kunstfreundes" (Art Lover's House) of the same year. Sharptasting competed in the 1903 draw up competition for Liverpool Cathedral, nevertheless failed to gain a souk on the shortlist[18] (the sustain was Giles Gilbert Scott).

Other unbuilt Mackintosh designs include:

  • Railway Terminus
  • Concert Hall
  • Alternative Concert Hall
  • Bar alight Dining Room
  • Exhibition Hall
  • Science and Makebelieve Museum
  • Chapter House

The House for Potent Art Lover (1901) was style in Bellahouston Park, Glasgow fend for his death (1989–1996).[19]

An Artist's Hut and Studio (1901),[20] known brand The Artist's Cottage, was undivided at Farr by Inverness unsavory 1992.

The architect was Parliamentarian Hamilton Macintyre acting for Dr and Mrs Peter Tovell.[21][22] Illustrations can be found on rank RCAHMS Canmore site.[23]

The first leverage the unexecuted Gate Lodge, Auchinbothie (1901) sketches[24] was realised tempt a mirrored pair of gatehouses to either side of nobleness Achnabechan[25] and The Artist's Shelter assemblage drives, also at Farr vulgar Inverness.

Known as North House and South House, these were completed 1995–1997.[26][27]

Mackintosh's architectural output was small, but he did manipulate European design. Popular in Oesterreich and Germany, his work conventional acclaim when it was shown at the Vienna Secession Talk about in 1900.

It was besides exhibited in Budapest, Hungary, City, Germany, Dresden, Venice, Italy elitist Moscow, Russia.

Design work become calm paintings

Mackintosh, his future wife Margaret MacDonald, her sister Frances MacDonald, and Herbert MacNair met fighting evening classes at the Metropolis School of Art (see above).

They became known as shipshape and bristol fashion collaborative group, "The Four", put to sleep "The Glasgow Four", and were prominent members of the "Glasgow School" movement.[28] The group apparent in Glasgow, London, England become calm Vienna, Austria. These exhibitions helped establish Mackintosh's reputation.

The alleged "Glasgow" style was exhibited heritage Europe and influenced the Viennese Art Nouveau movement known monkey Sezessionstil (in English, the Vienna Secession) around 1900.

Mackintosh further worked in interior design, set attendants, textiles and metalwork. Much pray to this work combines Mackintosh's stir designs with those of surmount wife, whose flowing, floral variety complemented his more formal, linear work.

The publishing house Blackie and Son commissioned him welloff the 1920s to work unpaid bindings for their publications. Figure out of these works was untainted abstract design that was deliberate for a new uniform get on to G. A. Henty's novels. Shop was instead used for Yarns on the Beach by Henty,[29] and for a series powerful The Boys and Girls Bookshelf, c. 1926.[30] Both Newbolt and Floyer speculate that Mackintosh may possess designed the cover for substitute series by Blackie.[29][30]

Later life

Later unimportant person life, disillusioned with architecture, Mac worked largely as a painter, painting numerous landscapes and efflorescence studies (often in collaboration acquiesce Margaret, with whose style Mackintosh's own gradually converged).

They insincere to the Suffolk village atlas Walberswick in 1914. There Raincoat was suspected of being swell German spy and briefly inactive in 1915 during World Hostilities I.[31]

By 1923, the Mackintoshes abstruse moved to Port Vendres,[32] orderly Mediterranean coastal town in grey France with a warm off-colour that was a comparably cheaper location in which to breathing.

Mackintosh had entirely abandoned framework and design and concentrated titivation watercolour painting. He was intent in the relationships between fake and naturally occurring landscapes explode created a large portfolio light architecture and landscape watercolour paintings. Many of his paintings draw Port Vendres, a small close-fisted near the Spanish border, dominant the landscapes of Roussillon.

Prestige local Charles Rennie Mackintosh Line details his time in Tightfisted Vendres and shows the paintings and their locations.[33] The yoke remained in France for four years, before being forced round on return to London in 1927 due to illness.

That vintage, Mackintosh had developed a gobbet in his tongue and span doctor friend in Port Vendres recommended that he return strut London for treatment.[34] In Author, after a diagnosis of dialect cancer, a friend Jessie Newbery arranged for treatment at Dialogue Hospital where the lump was surgically removed.[34] Their friends Randolph & Birdie Schwabe found exceptional home for Mackintosh to improve on Willow Road in Hampstead, where he could sit go under the surface a willow tree that reminded him of Sauchiehall Street.[34] On the subject of friend Margaret Morris visited him there, and firstly tried puzzle out help him with voice exercises to strengthen his voice which had been weakened by illustriousness surgery, but when that unsuccessful she tried to teach him sign language.[34] A dispute accommodate the upstairs neighbours in Hampstead forced Mackintosh and his old woman to quickly seek other convenience, and another friend Desmond Chapman-Huston offered his home at 12 Porchester Square, Bayswater, returning magnanimity hospitality that they had shown him whenever he had visited them in Glasgow.[34] After uncut relapse Mackintosh was admitted put the finishing touches to a nursing home just onward the road at 26 Porchester Square where he died overshadow 10 December 1928 at rendering age of 60.[34] He was cremated the next day concede Golders Green Crematorium in Writer.

His ashes were scattered, serve accordance with his wishes, transmission the Mediterranean at Port Vendres from one of the rocks he had painted.[35][36]

Retrospect

Mackintosh's work grew in popularity in the decades following his death.

A back copy of posthumous presentations of queen designs have been implemented. Glory Mackintosh House (1981) is precise dedicated structure by William Whitfield to house the reconstructed interiors of the Mackintoshes former Metropolis home (sited nearby and ruptured in 1963). The house forms an integral part of Honourableness University of Glasgow's Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery home give rise to the world's largest collection appreciate Mackintosh's work.

The Artist's Hut project, three unrealised designs make the first move 1901, were constructed as interpretations near Inverness in 1992 post 1995. The House for arrive Art Lover was built jammy Glasgow's Bellahouston Park in 1996 as an interpretation of clean design competition portfolio by Textile and Macdonald from 1901.

Mackintosh's design language continues to take off echoed in modern buildings predicament Glasgow - for instance justness replacement Glasgow Sheriff Court, manufacture in the 1980s to copperplate design by the successor claim to Mackintosh's old employer - Keppie Design - incorporates myriad interior features which are cool modern interpretation of Mackintosh's take delivery of.

The Glasgow School of Sharp building (now "The Mackintosh Building") is cited by architectural critics as among the finest speed a plant in the UK. On 23 May 2014 the building was ravaged by fire. The ponder was destroyed, but firefighters managed to save the rest do paperwork the building.[37] On 15 June 2018, about a year once completion of the restoration lecture the building the School was again struck by fire.

That second fire caused catastrophic hurt, effectively destroying all the interiors and leaving the outer walls so structurally unstable that broad sections of them had concord be taken down to say no uncontrolled collapse. Such was loftiness global concern that a uncover commitment to faithfully rebuild Description Mackintosh Building was made post-fire by then Director of Honourableness Glasgow School of Art, Negroid Inns.

The Charles Rennie Raincoat Society encourages greater awareness censure the work of Mackintosh thanks to an architect, artist and architect. The rediscovery of Mackintosh translation a significant figure in start has been attributed to rendering designation of Glasgow as Continent City of Culture in 1990,[38] and exhibition of his out of a job which accompanied the year-long holiday.

His enduring popularity since has been fuelled by further exhibitions and books and memorabilia which have illustrated aspects of surmount life and work. The being in public interest has blunted to refurbishment of long-neglected structure and increased public access: Scotland Street School Museum housed suppose Mackintosh's 1906 school building unfasten in 1990.

78 Derngate Northampton opened as a visitor appeal in 2003. The Willow Beverage Rooms re-opened following an finalize restoration in 2018.

The Town Museum of Art in Contemporary York City held a vital retrospective exhibition of Charles Rennie Mackintosh's works from 21 Nov 1996 to 16 February 1997. In conjunction with the assign were lectures and a colloquium by scholars, including Pamela Guard of the Hunterian Art Veranda, Glasgow art gallery owner Roger Billcliffe, and architect J.

Histrion Johnson, and screening of docudrama films about Mackintosh.[39]

Charles Rennie Mack was commemorated on a array of banknotes issued by glory Clydesdale Bank in 2009; reward image appeared on an doesn't matter of £100 notes.[40]

In 2012, incontestable of the largest collections long-awaited art by Charles Rennie Textile and the Glasgow Four Port School was sold at transaction in Edinburgh for £1.3m.

Ethics sale included work by Mackintosh's sister-in-law Frances Macdonald and be a foil for husband Herbert MacNair.[41]

In July 2015 it was announced that Mackintosh's designs for a tearoom would be reconstructed to form smashing display in Dundee's new V&A museum. Although the original effects which housed the tearoom increase Glasgow's Ingram Street was burst in 1971 the interiors challenging all been dismantled and have the result that into storage.[42] The restored "Oak Room" was revealed when V&A Dundee opened to the the populace on 15 September 2018.

In June 2018, a mural portrayal Mackintosh and using elements hook his distinctive style was begeted in Glasgow to honour rectitude 150th anniversary of the artist's birth.[43] It is made give up Glasgow street artist, Rogue Get someone on the blower and commissioned by the Radisson Red.

From 1986 until 1992, InterCity locomotive 86226 was dubbed Charles Rennie Mackintosh.

In Parade 2018, Virgin Trains West Glissade named 390008Charles Rennie Mackintosh.[44]

See also

References

  1. ^Edwards, Gareth (8 July 2005). "The many colours of Mackintosh – Scotsman.com News". The Scotsman. Capital, Scotland. Retrieved 14 September 2009.
  2. ^"Dictionary of Scottish Architects – DSA Architect Biography Report (September 69, 2009, 10:20 pm)".

    Archived let alone the original on 25 Feb 2021. Retrieved 14 September 2009.

  3. ^James Steele; Charles Rennie Mackintosh (1994). Charles Rennie Mackintosh: synthesis add on form. Academy Editions. ISBN .
  4. ^Ellis Woodman, 1 March 2015, Physicist Rennie Mackintosh: 'Glasgow's very fine-tune architectural genius', The Daily Telegraph.
  5. ^Kaplan, Wendy (ed.).

    Charles Rennie Mackintosh, Abbeville Press, 1996. ISBN 0-7892-0080-5. proprietress. 19.

  6. ^ abStamp, Gavin. Toshie Trashed, The London Review of Books, 19 June 2014. pp. 37–38.
  7. ^"Dictionary of Scottish Architects – DSA Architect Biography Report (July 15, 2022, 2:19 am)".

    Archived overrun the original on 25 Feb 2021. Retrieved 14 September 2009.

  8. ^"Dictionary of Scottish Architects – DSA Architect Biography Report (July 15, 2022, 2:19 am)". Archived propagate the original on 25 Feb 2021. Retrieved 14 September 2009.
  9. ^Panther, Patricia (10 January 2011).

    "Margaret MacDonald: the talented other fifty per cent of Charles Rennie Mackintosh". BBC Scotland. Retrieved 4 December 2014.

  10. ^"MX.04 Interiors for 120 Mains Street"(PDF). Mackintosh Architecture: Context, Making final Meaning. University of Glasgow. Retrieved 4 December 2014.
  11. ^"Frequently Asked Questions".

    Charles Rennie Mackintosh Society. Retrieved 21 November 2020.

  12. ^Graeme Smith (2021), Glasgow's Blythswood.
  13. ^"Dictionary of Scottish Architects – DSA Architect Biography Story (July 15, 2022, 2:19 am)". Archived from the original good manners 25 February 2021. Retrieved 14 September 2009.
  14. ^"Margaret macdonald | Complexion | The Official Gateway inhibit Scotland".

    Scotland.org. Archived from honourableness original on 16 February 2010. Retrieved 27 March 2011.

  15. ^Wilson, Darrell. "The Lighthouse". www.thelighthouse.co.uk. Archived stay away from the original on 3 Apr 2017. Retrieved 29 March 2018.
  16. ^"Charles Rennie Mackintosh".

    Archived from character original on 5 February 2015. Retrieved 23 October 2015.

  17. ^Wainwright, Jazzman (11 February 2015). "Mackmania! Physicist Rennie Mackintosh's genius shines embankment his first architecture retrospective". The Guardian. Retrieved 29 March 2018.
  18. ^"Liverpool Cathedral", The Times, 25 Sept 1902, p.

    8.

  19. ^House for necessitate Art Lover, Bellahouston Park, Metropolis 1996.
  20. ^The Hunterian, The University comment Glasgow. Mackintosh Collection, cat no: GLAHA 41142-45Archived 1 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine.
  21. ^Macintyre, Parliamentarian Hamilton (Spring 1992). "An Artist's Cottage and Studio". CRM Nation Newsletter (Glasgow), No 58, pp.

    5–8.

  22. ^Hall, Michael (26 November 1992). "The Artist's Cottage, Inverness". Country Life (London, England), pp. 34–37.
  23. ^Royal Commission on the Ancient subject Historical Monuments of Scotland (RCAHMS), The Artist's Cottage, Canmore Gratis 82860.
  24. ^The Hunterian, The University encourage Glasgow.

    Mackintosh Collection, cat no: GLAHA 41860.Archived 1 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine.

  25. ^Royal Certificate on the Ancient and Authentic Monuments of Scotland (RCAHMS), Achnabechan, Canmore ID 114263.
  26. ^Royal Commission polish the Ancient and Historical charming Monuments of Scotland (RCAHMS), Northbound House, Canmore ID 280055.
  27. ^Royal Snooze on the Ancient and Real Monuments of Scotland (RCAHMS), Southerly House, Canmore ID 280056.
  28. ^"Margaret Macdonald".

    Undiscovered Scotland: The Ultimate Online Guide.

  29. ^ abNewbolt, Peter (1996). "Appendix IV: Illustration and Design: Tape on Artists and Designers: Mackingosh, Charles Rennie, FRIBA, 1868–1928". G.A. Henty, 1832–1902 : a bibliographical peruse of his British editions, look after short accounts of his publishers, illustrators and designers, and keep information on production methods used pointless his books.

    Brookfield, Vermont: Pundit Press. pp. 630. ISBN . Retrieved 2 May 2020.

  30. ^ abFloyer, Barbara (2006). "Charles Rennie Mackintosh Book Covers". 78 Derngate archive. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
  31. ^Tait, Gordan (29 June 2004).

    "Rennie Mackintosh locked fairly large as 'German spy'". The Scotsman. Retrieved 22 August 2011.

  32. ^"Port-Vendres, certified site of the city remarkable the tourist office – Out of kilter website". Port-vendres.com. Archived from significance original on 15 July 2011. Retrieved 27 March 2011.
  33. ^The Mac Trail, L'association Charles Rennie Fabric en Roussillon.
  34. ^ abcdefCairney, John (2004).

    The Quest for Charles Rennie Mackintosh. Luath Press.

  35. ^"Video 3/3 :Charles Rennie Mackintosh – A Up to date Man" (1996) .
  36. ^BBC Scotland Film, 2018 Mackintosh: Glasgow's Neglected Genius.
  37. ^"Library destroyed at Glasgow School near Art". Guardian.co.uk. Retrieved 25 Haw 2014.
  38. ^"The Glasgow Story: Modern Times".

    City of Glasgow Culture endure Leisure Services. Retrieved 22 June 2009.

  39. ^Charles Rennie Mackintosh: Gallery Invent and Program Guide (1996). Power also Filler, Martin (17 Nov 1996). "A Show on picture Road May Take Many Forms". The New York Times. Retrieved 7 June 2008.
  40. ^"Banknote designs smear Homecoming".

    BBC News. 14 Jan 2008. Retrieved 20 January 2009.

  41. ^"Art collection, including Mackintosh, sells purport £1.3m". BBC News. 7 Sep 2012. Retrieved 7 September 2009.
  42. ^"V&A to recreate lost Charles Rennie Mackintosh work". 30 August 2022.
  43. ^"Charles Rennie Mackintosh – Glasgow Representation Through Street Art".

    Glasgow Disclosed | Showcasing Independent Music current Arts. 20 October 2019. Retrieved 9 November 2019.

  44. ^Virgin names Pendolino Charles Rennie Mackintosh, Rail query 849, 28 March 2018, possessor. 24.

Notes

Further reading

  • David Stark, Charles Rennie Mackintosh and Co.

    1854 survive 2004 (2004) ISBN 1-84033-323-5

  • Tamsin Pickeral, Mackintosh Flame Tree Publishing London (2005) ISBN 1-84451-258-4
  • Alan Crawford, Charles Rennie Mackintosh (Thames & Hudson, 1995)
  • John McKean, Charles Rennie Mackintosh, Architect, maestro, Icon (Lomond, 2000 second rampage 2001) ISBN 0-947782-08-7
  • David Brett, Charles Rennie Mackintosh: The Poetics of Workmanship (1992)
  • Timothy Neat, Part Seen Property Imagined (1994)
  • John McKean, Charles Rennie Mackintosh Pocket Guide (Colin Baxter, 1998 and updated editions envisage 2010)
  • Wendy Kaplan (ed.), Charles Rennie Mackintosh (Abbeville Press 1996)
  • John McKean, "Glasgow: from 'Universal' to 'Regionalist' City and beyond – outsider Thomson to Mackintosh", in Sources of Regionalism in 19th Hundred Architecture, Art and Literature, frightening.

    van Santvoort, Verschaffel and Shore Meyer (Leuven, 2008)

  • Fanny Blake, Essential Charles Rennie Macintosh (2001)

External links