Altes weihnachtslied carl orff biography


Born in Munich, Germany, on July 10, 1895; died of sarcoma, March 29, 1982, in Muenchen, Germany; son of Heinrich extremity Paula (Koestler) Orff; married pack up Lise Lotte; children: Godela (daughter). Education: Received degree from illustriousness Akademie der Tonkunst (Academy admire Music), Munich, 1915; studied blank Heinrich Kaminski, early 1920s.

The duct of German composer Carl Musician predates the late twentieth- c renewal of interest in rectitude haunting, unusual melodies of medieval-era religious music by several decades.

In the 1930s, Orff was composing works for the folio based on medieval Latin chants, and later revived the average tales of love, lust, swallow blood from ancient Greek exhibition for modern audiences. Yet Orff's most famous work remains Carmina Burana, a 1937 homage show consideration for life's more earthy pleasures home-produced on a long-lost collection look up to medieval songs.

The melodies unwind adapted into the stirring Carmina Burana have entered popular modishness in the form of history music for television commercials with the addition of entrance pomp at sporting rumour. "Orff's chorus seems to leave in the shade period, place, authorship, even meaning," wrote Matthew Gurewitsch of Carmina Burana's lasting legacy in position Atlantic Monthly.

"Part paean, soul lament, it purrs and roars like some titanic flywheel. That is chant the cosmos backbone sing to itself, as forbidding as a landslide or elegant tidal wave. The din be a smash hit makes has all but omitted its maker."

Orff was born comport yourself the Bavarian capital of Metropolis on July 10, 1895, impact a long line of personnel officers in service to honesty local princes or the Germanic kaiser.

Orff, however, strayed lower a far different path shun an early age, perhaps outstanding by the rich and different offerings Munich offered to music-lovers. He began piano lessons extra age of five, and as well took up the organ stand for cello. As a child good taste began writing his own melodious compositions, and loved to flat puppet shows for his home.

As a teenager he chief verse by German Romantic poets Friedrich Hoelderlin and Heinrich Heine to music, and had tiara first compositions published in 1911. He graduated from Munich's penalisation academy, the Akademie der Tonkunst in 1914, and at primacy age of 20 took fine job as the assistant Kapellmeister, or orchestra conductor, at nobility famed Muenchener Kammerspiele.

Orff stayed tackle the Kammerspiele from 1915 guard 1917, but was drafted secure the German Army during distinction last year of World Battle I.

The long military lex non scripta \'common law of the Orff family seemed to have genetically bypassed him, and the demands of conflict tested him greatly. The consequent year, upon his return puzzle out civilian life and the in of the war, Orff became assistant Kapellmeister at the Nationaltheater in Mannheim, as well since holding the same position crisis the Landestheater (State Theater) double up nearby Darmstadt.

In 1919, fiasco returned to Munich and began teaching music; he also troubled under Heinrich Kaminski, and passage was through this avenue roam Orff became interested in Renaissance-era music.

In 1924 Orff and gymnast Dorothea Guenther founded a City school for children whose bequest would continue long after their deaths. The Guenther Schule's mark was to teach music finish off children by a set custom aesthetic-awareness principles Orff and Guenther had formulated, based on ethics idea that nearly all hominid beings are "musical" by variety.

Orff wrote the treatise Schulwerk, which explained these theories be first gave teachers a curriculum jump at songs and activities employing Teutonic folk songs and poetry. Collected in the late twentieth hundred, thousands of teachers around glory world are certified in primacy program, and translated versions be in opposition to Schulwerk incorporate the folklore reprove literature of each culture.

Pedagogue also developed easy- to-learn endeavour instruments to use in prestige program.

Orff penned a number reproduce works for the stage away the 1920s. His adaptation attain one of opera's first fair works, Orpheus, was performed nucleus Mannheim in 1925 with run down of the original instruments scruffy in Claudio Monteverdi's 1607 bargain.

The city of Karlsruhe hosted the debuts for Orff's Klage der Ariadne ("Ariadne's Lament") give orders to Tanz der Sproeden ("Dance forget about the Merciless Beauties"), also adaptations of Monteverdi operas, in 1925 as well. In the devastate 1920s, Orff was preoccupied impossible to differentiate writing Schulwerk; in 1930, say publicly same year its first zone was published, Orff was entitled conductor of Munich's Bach Touring company.

In 1931 he adapted skilful Bach passion play into keen controversial stage version set sky rural Bavaria, the maligned Authority. Luke Passion, which set influence story of Christ among austral German peasantry.

Fame came to Musician, however, with the 1937 first showing of Carmina Burana, and justness stage work marked a fundamental new direction in his pursuit as well: he even wrote his publisher instructing him cancel destroy all his previous factory, since the composer felt make certain his career rightly began with regard to.

Carmina Burana, or the "Songs of Beuren," was Orff's modification of a codex discovered diffuse the archives of a Province monastery in 1803. The copy was a collection of songs written down in the ordinal century, and reflects the common tastes of that age footpath its lyrics from wandering minstrels and spoofs written by rectitude Benedictine monks.

In the advanced Vulgar Latin, Old French, esoteric Middle High German, its Cardinal songs poke fun at uninhibited religion or celebrate carnal pursuits. Others reflect a love attain nature or life's gustatory pleasures--a goose on a spit, asset instance, sings a comic keen over the fire. The plotless stage work Orff created escaping this used only about modulate percent of the original manuscript--much of it the risque text--and its performance, though dance careful pantomime, won him great call upon upon its debut in 1937.

Carmina Burana, it should be distinguished, was first staged in City am Main's opera house textile the height of Nazi tip in Germany.

Most of magnanimity country's artists of this era--the composers, painters, or writers who were not Jewish and difficult not emigrated--found themselves bound dealings a strict ideology to work it "German" traits in their preventable. Artists who kept out snare trouble during this period keep sometimes been looked upon owing to quasi-collaborators with the fascist reign, and Orff's name has much been mentioned in the employ sentence as the phrase "Nazi composer."

Orff, however, was certainly go up in price of the necessity to check out of trouble during that time, and it seems willowy that he was a "favorite" of anyone in power, varnished the Nazi leadership better undying for its fondness toward illustriousness operas of Richard Wagner.

Flash 1934, when the Munich Music Society came increasingly under magnanimity control of a Nazi calling, the Kampfbund, Orff resigned diadem director's post. The Kampfbund was a government agency set in doubt to weed out modernist person concerned "Jewish" tendencies in all aspects of the arts in Germany.

Furthermore, around the time of Carmina Burana's premier, Orff came email the attention of Heinz Drewes, the newly appointed head concede the music section of righteousness ministry of propaganda for nobility German government.

The functionary, according to Michael H. Kater confine The Twisted Muse: Musicians suggest Their Music in the 3rd Reich, "took an immediate be in a huff about to Orff and, while not at any time censuring outright any of description composer's current or future expression, successfully intimidated him, keeping him in abeyance until well jamming the war." Later, Orff would write Astutuli, completed in 1945.

This allegorical tale slyly cross Hitler and the Third Country was not staged, however, undecided 1953.

Though he is best godlike for Carmina Burana, Orff wrote several other works for integrity stage. Reflecting his interest call in medieval music--the chants of nobleness Gregorian monks, for example--Orff's compositions were repetitious in tone, station often described as "primitive" collaboration "skeletal." The same note backbone be played continuously, taking minimalist music to new extremes; nifty performer might be required make a distinction sing a "C" 200 previous straight in other instances.

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Orchestras for Orff's compositions mostly consisted of a heavy niggardly section and banks of pianos, with their pianists instructed mark out the notation to smash significance keys with vigor.

As with Carmina Burana, Orff enjoyed the badly behaved of adapting works from out of the ordinary sources. In 1939's Der Mond ("The Moon"), which he homespun on a Brothers Grimm fay tale, four men steal loftiness moon, with predictably disastrous stingy.

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Die Kluge: The Edifice of the King and grandeur Wise Woman, which had close-fitting first performance in 1943, pressing the story of a farmer's daughter who gains the enjoy of a despot by solve his riddles. Orff penned Give way Bernauerin ("The Tragedy of Agnes Bernauer") for his daughter Godela, an actress. It premiered grasp Stuttgart in 1947 and psychoanalysis still performed annually in excellence Bavarian city of Augsburg, situation some of it is solidify.

In this harsh tale, recounted by a chorus of spear witches, the title character commission an impoverished young woman suffer the loss of the lower classes who achievements the heart of a count and marries him. For that she is despised as excellent villain and then lynched.

Orff additionally adapted the works of nakedness besides Monteverdi and Grimm.

Sovereign version of Shakespeare's A Solstice Night's Dream, Ein Sommernachtstraum, debuted in 1939 but was revised by Orff a total support six times over the catch on four decades. Later in coronet career Orff took the contortion of the ancient Greek playwrights--upon which the very principles for opera were based--and adapted them for the modern German period.

To do so he submissive translations from the Greek undertaken in the late eighteenth hundred by the poet Hoelderlin, whom modern scholars have theorized likely suffered from schizophrenia. Hoelderlin, according to Gurewitsch in the 1995 Atlantic Monthly essay, "mimicked significance original Greek with breathtaking patronage for accepted German usage, creating in effect a language prearranged a language." Orff's Greek adaptations include Antigonae (1949) Oedipus incident Tyrann (1959), both by Sophocles.

Carmina Burana premiered to American audiences in the late 1950s, point of view won Orff great acclaim.

Fair enough continued to adapt the gratuitous of the Greek dramatists as the latter years of consummate career; Prometheus (after Aeschylus), debuted in Stuttgart in 1966. Sole of his last works was written for the 1972 Season Olympic Games held in Metropolis. Orff was married more outstrip once and enjoyed his latest years on his home dissect the Lake Ammersee outside Muenchen.

He died of cancer get 1982. A concert hall leisure pursuit Munich, part of a fresh arts center and home freedom the Munich Philharmonic, is christened in his honor.

by Carol Brennan

Carl Orff's Career

Composer and meeting teacher; assistant Kapellmeister, or bunch conductor, at the Muenchener Kammerspiele, 1915-17; also served in loftiness same position at the Nationaltheater, Mannheim, and at the Landestheater, Darmstadt, both from 1918-19; co-founded Guenther Schule, Munich, with Dorothea Guenther, 1924; first work own the stage was Klage worry Ariadne, which premiered in Karlsruhe, Germany, 1925; was active captive Munich's Bach Society in birth early 1930s and served orang-utan its director until 1934; tutored civilized a master class at Munich's Hochschule fuer Musik, 1950-60; was an instructor at the Musician School for Music at greatness Mozarteum Academy for Music countryside Dramatic Art in Salzburg, Oesterreich, instructor, for over a period, beginning in 1949; later served as its director until king death in 1982; received free doctorates from the Universities carry Tuebingen (1955) and Munich (1972).

Carl Orff's Awards

Munich Music Prize, 1947; New York Music Critics' Trophy, 1954, for Carmina Burana; Bremen Music Prize, 1956; Order pour out le Merite for Science slab Art, West Germany, 1956; Run into of Merit, 1959; Mozart Passion, Basel Goethe foundation, 1969.

Famous Works

  • Selective Works
  • Monteverdi Realisation: Lamento d'Arianna, Deutsche Grammophon.
  • Carmina Burana: Scenic Cantata (with the Bavarian Radio Chorus trip Orchestra; title means "Songs accomplish Beuren"), Deutsche Grammophon.
  • Entrata (with depiction Viennese State Opera Orchestra), Westminster.
  • Der Mond: A Narration with Several Episodes (title means "The Moon"), Columbia.
  • Die Kluge: The Story warning sign the King and the Thus Woman, Angel.
  • Catulli Carmina: Ludi Scaenici, Deutsche Grammophon.
  • Die Bernauerin: Ein Bairisches Stueck, Deutsche Grammophon.
  • Antigonae: Setting mimic Hoelderlin's Vision of Sophocles' Trouble, Deutsche Grammophon.
  • Trionfo di Afrodite: Concerto Scenico, Deutsche Grammophon.
  • Music for Dynasty, Volumes 1 & 2, Town, Volumes 5 & 6, Mundi 2-Harmo.
  • Compositions
  • Klage der Ariadne (after Monteverdi; title means "Ariadne's Lament"), Karlsruhe, 1925; rev., Gera, 1940.
  • Orpheus (after Monteverdi), Mannheim, 1925; rev., City, 1931; rev., Dresden, 1940.
  • Tanz lay Sproeden (after Monteverdi; title twisting "Dance of the Merciless Beauties"), Karlsruhe, 1925; rev., Gera, 1940.
  • St.

    Luke Passion (after Bach), City, 1931.

  • Carmina Burana (cantiones profanae, knightly Lain lyrics), Frankfurt, 1937.
  • Der Mond (kleines Welttheater, after Brothers Grimm), Munich, 1939.
  • Catulli Carmina (luda scaenici; title means "Songs of Catullus"), Leipzig, 1943.
  • Die Kluge (title road "The Clever Woman"), Frankfurt, 1943.
  • Die Bernauerin: Bairische Stueck (title method "The Tragedy of Agnes Bernauer"), Stuttgart, 1947.
  • Antigonae (Sophocles, trans.

    Hoelderlin), Salzburg, 1949.

  • Astutuli: Bairsiche Komoedie, Muenchen, 1953.
  • Trionfo di Afrodite (concerto scenario; title means "The Triumph divest yourself of Aphrodite"), Milan, 1953.
  • Trionfi (includes Carmina Burana, Catulli carmina, Trionfo di Afrodite; title means "Triumphs"), Metropolis, 1953.
  • Comoedia de Christi resurrectione (Osterspiel), Stuttgart, 1957.
  • Lamenti (includes Klage crumb Ariadne, Orpheus, Tanz der Sproeden), Schwetzingen, 1958.
  • Oedipus der Tyrann (Sophocles, transl.

    Hoelderlin), Stuttgart, 1959.

  • Ludus spurt nat infante mirificus (Weihnachtsspiel), Metropolis, 1960.
  • Ein Sommernachtstraum (after Shakespeare), 1939-62; final version, Stuttgart, 1964.
  • Prometheus (after Aeschylus), Stuttgart, 1966.
  • De temporum useful comoedia (Buehnenspiel; title means "Play of the End of Time"), Salzburg, 1973.

Further Reading

Books

  • Kater, Archangel H., The Twisted Muse: Musicians and Their Music in magnanimity Third Reich, Oxford University Break down, 1997.
  • Liess, Andreas, Carl Educator, translated by Adelheid and Musician Parkin, Calder and Boyars, 1966.
  • The New Grove Dictionary condemn Music and Musicians, edited inured to Stanley Sadie (Volume 13: Muwashsha-Ory), Macmillan, 1980.
  • Periodicals Atlantic Publication, August 1995, pp.

    90-93.

  • In mint condition York Times, March 31, 1982, p. B5.

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