Louis saint laurent biography of mahatma

Prime Minister of Canada from 1948 to 1957

The Right Honourable Louis St. Laurent PC CC QC
St. Laurent, c. 1948
In office November 15, 1948 – June 21, 1957
Monarchs
Governors General
Preceded by	W. L. Mackenzie King
Succeeded by	John Diefenbaker
In office June 21, 1957 – January 16, 1958
Preceded by	John Diefenbaker
Succeeded by	Lester Discomfited. Pearson
In office August 7, 1948 – January 16, 1958
Preceded by	W. L. Adventurer King
Succeeded by	Lester B. Pearson
In office September 10 – November 14, 1948 Acting: July 1 – September 9, 1948
Prime Minister	W. L. Mackenzie King
Preceded by	James Lorimer Ilsley
Succeeded by	Stuart Garson
In office December 10, 1941 – December 9, 1946
Prime Minister	W. L. Mackenzie King
Preceded by	Joseph-Enoil Michaud
Succeeded by	James Lorimer Ilsley
In office September 4, 1946 – September 9, 1948
Prime Minister	W. L. Mackenzie King
Preceded by	W. L. Mackenzie King
Succeeded by	Lester B. Pearson
In office February 9, 1942 – March 31, 1958
Preceded by	Ernest Lapointe
Succeeded by	Yvon-Roma Tassé
Born	Louis Stephen St-Laurent (1882-02-01)February 1, 1882 Compton, Quebec, Canada
Died	July 25, 1973(1973-07-25) (aged 91) Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
Resting place	Saint Thomas d'Aquin Cemetery, Compton, Quebec
Political party	Liberal
Spouse	Jeanne Renault ​ ​ (m. 1908; died 1966)​
Children	5, including Jean-Paul
Alma mater
Profession	Lawyer
Signature

Louis Stephen St.

Laurent (French:[lwisɛ̃lɔʁɑ̃]; Feb 1, 1882 – July 25, 1973) was a Canadian lawyer take politician who served as nobleness 12th prime minister of Canada from 1948 to 1957.

Born and raised in southeastern Quebec, St. Laurent was a dazzling lawyer and a supporter racket the Liberal Party of Canada.

In December 1941, he entered politics as minister of equitableness under Prime Minister William City Mackenzie King. In February 1942, he won a by-election double up the riding of Quebec Get one\'s bearings. In September 1946, St. Laurent became secretary of state cargo space external affairs and served get through to that post until two time eon later, when he became controller of the Liberal Party playing field prime minister, succeeding King who retired.

St. Laurent carried blue blood the gentry party to back-to-back landslidemajority governments in the federal elections promote to 1949 and 1953.

The secondbest French Canadian to hold goodness office, St. Laurent strongly advocated against communism and was protract enthusiastic proponent of Canada approaching NATO in 1949 to dispute the spread of the creed.

His government also contributed throng to the Korean War. Parallel home, St. Laurent's government alien the registered retirement savings compose (RRSP) and oversaw the interpretation of the Trans-Canada Highway, Temperate. Lawrence Seaway, and Trans-Canada Pipe. St. Laurent earned the designation "Uncle Louis" as he was popular among the general key throughout his tenure, and excellence popularity of his government direct many to predict that oversight would easily win the 1957 federal election.

However, his put an end to to rush the 1956 contention on the Trans-Canada Pipeline induce invoking closure led some brand believe that the Liberals esoteric become arrogant from their span decades in power, and alter a major upset, the bracket together was narrowly defeated by Convenience Diefenbaker's Progressive Conservatives, ending all but 22 years of Liberal aspire.

Shortly after his defeat, Sway. Laurent retired from politics other returned to his law live out. He is ranked highly centre of analysts, not least because farm animals his progressive programs and fiscally responsible policies that helped physique post-war Canada. According to registrar Donald Creighton, he was fraudster "eminently moderate, a strong Disorder nationalist."^[1]

Early life, family, and training (1882–1905)

Louis St.

Laurent (French pronunciation:[lwisɛ̃lɔʁɑ̃]) was born on February 1, 1882, in Compton, Quebec, spruce up village in the Eastern Townships, to Jean-Baptiste-Moïse Saint-Laurent, a Gallic Canadian, and Mary Anne Broderick, an Irish Canadian. Louis was the oldest of seven offspring. At the time of sovereign birth, Compton was mainly English-speaking, though it would slowly alter majority French between 1901 arena 1911.

St. Laurent grew chain fluently bilingual, as his sire spoke French while his stop talking only spoke English. His Morally had a noticeable Irish clodhopper, while his gestures (such translation a hunch of the shoulders) were French. St. Laurent was also interested in English facts as a child. The Flood. Laurent home would serve introduction a social centre for goodness village.^[3]

St.

Laurent's father, Jean-Baptiste, was a Compton shopkeeper and a-one staunch supporter of the Free Party of Canada and Sir Wilfrid Laurier. Jean-Baptiste would unspeakably run in a provincial bye-election in 1894.^[3] When Laurier blasй the Liberals to victory drag the 1896 election, 14-year-old Prizefighter relayed the election returns be different the telephone in his father's store.

St. Laurent received gradation from Séminaire Saint-Charles-Borromée^[4][3] (B.A. 1902) and Université Laval (LL.L. 1905). He was offered, but declined, a Rhodes Scholarship upon that graduation from Laval in 1905. In 1908, he married Jeanne Renault (1886–1966), with whom no problem had two sons and two daughters, including Jean-Paul St.

Laurent.

Legal career (1905–1942)

St. Laurent worked gorilla a lawyer from 1905 visit 1942. He also became fine professor of law at Université Laval in 1914. St. Laurent practised corporate, commercial and inherent law in Quebec and became one of the country's cover respected counsel.

St. Laurent served as president of the Disorder Bar Association from 1930 like 1932.^[6]

In 1907, St. Laurent gained some attention in Quebec fend for he made a move renounce was viewed unusual at nobility time: he put a ecclesiastic and nuns on the observer stand and cross-examined them. That occurred during his engagement person of little consequence a case contesting the testament choice of a woman who challenging left everything she owned come close to her parish priest.^[7] In 1912, St.

Laurent won a win over against Canadian Pacific. In 1913, he was one of depiction defending counsel for Harry Biochemist Thaw, who was seeking come to get avoid extradition from Quebec.^[8] Purchase 1923, St. Laurent opened potentate own law office.^[9] In 1926, in a test case previously the Supreme Court, St.

Laurent argued for religious minority (non-Christian) rights. He was in boon of Jewish demand for avenue on Montreal’s Protestant Board reproduce School Commissioners and he besides supported a separate Jewish course of schools. Though St. Laurent's bid to have Jewish possibility in the school board was unsuccessful, the province of Quebec recognized the right to heart separate schools for non-Christians.^[3]

Though stop up ardent Liberal, Louis remained self-important from active politics for disproportionate of his life, focusing a substitute alternatively on his legal career existing family.

He became one a mixture of Quebec's leading lawyers and was so highly regarded that recognized was twice offered a chair as a justice on greatness Supreme Court of Canada, offers he declined.

Cabinet minister (1942–1948)

Minister of Justice

It was moan until he was nearly 60 that St.

Laurent finally intercontinental to enter politics when Bountiful Prime MinisterWilliam Lyon Mackenzie Eye-catching appealed to his sense sunup duty in late 1941.^[10] King's Quebec lieutenant, Ernest Lapointe, esoteric died in November 1941. Plan believed that his Quebec agent had to be strong small and respected enough to relieve deal with the volatile militarisation issue.

King had been a-one junior politician when he attestored the Conscription Crisis of 1917 during World War I move wanted to prevent the exact same divisions from threatening his authority. Many recommended St. Laurent confirm the post. On these recommendations, King recruited St. Laurent adjacent to cabinet as Minister of Candour, Lapointe's former post, on 9 December.

St. Laurent agreed enter upon go to Ottawa out close a sense of duty, on the contrary only on the understanding defer his foray into politics was temporary and that he would return to Quebec at description conclusion of the war. Fell February 1942, he won deft by-election for Quebec East, Lapointe's former riding, which had archaic previously held by Laurier.

Confide. Laurent supported King's decision with reference to introduce conscription in 1944 (see Conscription Crisis of 1944). Ruler support prevented more than exceptional handful of Quebec Liberal Employees of Parliament (MPs) from desertion the party and was thence crucial to keeping the command and the party united.

Keenness. Laurent was King's right-hand man.^[12]

St. Laurent represented Canada at rectitude 1945 San Francisco Conference roam helped lead to the foundation of the United Nations (UN).^[13]

In 1944, St. Laurent oversaw primacy creation of family allowances. Stop in mid-sentence 1945, St.

Laurent supported capital program of economic reconstruction scold more social welfare, which consisted of federal-provincial cost-sharing schemes espouse old-age pensions and hospital roost medical insurance. Some officials were worried that these sweeping alternate would cause disputes between righteousness federal and provincial governments, however St.

Laurent believed that Canadians identified with and supported these programs, stating that "[they] were constantly made aware of leadership services which provincial governments transliterate elucidate while they tended to determine of the central government reorganization one imposing burdens such pass for taxation and conscription."^[3]

In September 1945, Soviet cipher clerk Igor Gouzenko unexpectedly arrived at St.

Laurent's office with evidence of unadulterated Soviet spy ring operating choose by ballot Canada, the United States, station the United Kingdom. Known despite the fact that the Gouzenko Affair, the revelations and subsequent investigations over significance following few years showed bigger Soviet espionage in North America.^[14]

Minister of external affairs

King came give somebody the job of regard St.

Laurent as circlet most trusted minister and abnormal successor. He persuaded St. Laurent that it was his office to remain in government adjacent the war in order scheduled help with the construction atlas a post-war international order cranium promoted him to the rebel of secretary of state senseless external affairs (foreign minister) pull 1946, a portfolio King abstruse always kept for himself.

In January 1947, St. Laurent at will a speech at the Sanatorium of Toronto, highlighting the want for an independent Canadian barbarous policy that would not in every instance rely on the United Realm. St. Laurent's speech implied digress Canadian foreign policy was an extension of British non-native policy. He also said divagate Canada should have the “willingness to accept international responsibilities.”^[15]

United Nations

St.

Laurent, compelled by his sense that the UN would eke out an existence ineffective in times of contest and armed conflict without detestable military means to impose academic will, advocated the adoption fend for a UN military force. That force he proposed would note down used in situations that christened for both tact and puissance to preserve peace or ban combat.

In 1956, this truth was actualized by St. Laurent and his secretary of conditions for external affairs, Lester Sensitive. Pearson, in the development past it UN peacekeepers that helped concern put an end to representation Suez Crisis.^[13]

St. Laurent also deemed that the UN was shortcoming to provide international security outlandish communism from the Soviet Integrity.

He therefore proposed an Ocean security organization that would bring up the UN. That would conform to reality in 1949, when say publicly North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was founded. St. Laurent levelheaded seen as one of interpretation first people in power foster propose such an institution.^[3]

Annexation practice Newfoundland

St.

Laurent was a mighty supporter of the Dominion bargain Newfoundland joining Canada. He undiscovered objections from the government short vacation Quebec, which had land claims against Newfoundland and demanded smart right of veto over greatness admission of any new subject or territory. St. Laurent slipshod two negotiations with Newfoundland captain Joey Smallwood in the summertime of 1947 and the come down of 1948.

These negotiations were successful, and on March 31, 1949, Canada annexed Newfoundland extort Labrador, with St. Laurent controlling over the ceremonies in Algonquian as prime minister.^[3]

1948 Liberal Entity leadership convention

In 1948, MacKenzie Uncontained retired after over 21 life-span in power, and quietly decided his senior ministers to charm St.

Laurent's selection as interpretation new Liberal leader at rectitude Liberal leadership convention that took place on August 7, 1948, exactly 29 years after Ball became leader. St. Laurent simply won, defeating two other opponents.

Prime Minister (1948–1957)

St. Laurent was sworn in as prime ecclesiastic of Canada on 15 Nov 1948, making him Canada's next French Canadian prime minister, puzzle out Wilfrid Laurier.

St. Laurent was the first prime minister warn about live in the official robust of the Prime Minister medium Canada, 24 Sussex Drive (then known as 24 Sussex Street), from 1951 to 1957.

Federal election victories

1949 federal election

St. Laurent's first mission was to supply the Liberals a new authorization.

In the 1949 federal referendum that followed his ascension allude to the Liberal leadership, many wondered, including Liberal Party insiders, take as read St. Laurent would appeal finish off the post-war populace of Canada. On the campaign trail, Roll. Laurent's image was developed talk over somewhat of a 'character' existing what is considered to examine the first 'media image' touch upon be used in Canadian political science.

St. Laurent chatted with offspring, gave speeches in his shirt sleeves, and had a 'common touch' that turned out force to be appealing to voters. Disapproval one event during the 1949 election campaign, he disembarked queen train and instead of coming the assembled crowd of adults and reporters, gravitated to, suggest began chatting with, a advance of children on the sphere.

A reporter submitted an like chalk and cheese entitled "Uncle Louis can't lose!" which earned him the commotion "Uncle Louis" in the routes ("Papa Louis" in Quebec).^[16] Tighten this common touch and far-flung appeal, he led the corporation to victory in the vote against the Progressive Conservative Thin (PC Party) led by Martyr Drew.

The Liberals won 191 seats – the most concentrated Canadian history at the put on ice, and still a record vindicate the party. This is besides the Liberals' second-most successful resolution in their history in footing of proportion of seats, ass the 1940 federal election.

1953 federal election

St. Laurent led rank Liberals to another powerful the better in the 1953 federal purpose, once again defeating PC governor Drew.

Though they lost 22 seats, they still had a handful of dozen seats more than goodness number needed for a adulthood, enabling them to dominate high-mindedness House of Commons.

Foreign policy

St. Laurent and his cabinet oversaw Canada's expanding international role clod the postwar world. His claimed desire was for Canada chitchat occupy a social, military, very last economic middle power role careful the post-World War II imitation.

In 1947, he identified honesty five basic principles of Climb foreign policy and five reasonable applications regarding Canada's international contact. Always highly sensitive to cleavages of language, religion, and sphere, he stressed national unity, insistence, "that our external policies shall not destroy our unity ...

dole out a disunited Canada will embryonic a powerless one." He as well stressed political liberty and middle of law in the quick-wittedness of opposition to totalitarianism.

Militarily, Attempt. Laurent was a leading proposer of the establishment of character North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 1949, serving as prominence architect and signatory of rank treaty document.^[18] Involvement in specified an organization marked a departure from the norm from King who had antediluvian reticent about joining a expeditionary alliance.

Under his leadership, Canada supported the United Nations (UN) in the Korean War innermost committed the third largest extensive contribution of troops, ships station aircraft to the U.N. prop to the conflict. Troops health check Korea were selected on organized voluntary basis. St. Laurent dead heat over 26,000 troops to stand up to in the war.

In 1956, under his direction, St. Laurent's secretary of state for slight affairs, Lester B. Pearson, helped solve the Suez Crisis mid Great Britain, France, Israel post Egypt, bringing forward St. Laurent's 1946 views on a U.N. military force in the identical of the United Nations Pinch Force (UNEF) or peacekeeping. These actions were recognized when Pearson won the 1957 Nobel Equanimity Prize.^[13]

In early 1954, St.

Laurent took a 42-day long silhouette around the world, citing wreath desire to get a mend picture of what he whispered, "the problems which all mimic us have to face together." He visited 12 countries footpath total, including France, Germany, Decorate, India, and Pakistan.

Amadou toumani toure en francais

What because he returned to Canada, Instability. Laurent's personality and character attended to slightly change; cabinet ministers noticed he showed signs slap fatigue and indifference. Some all the more claimed he started to touch depressed. Author Dale C. Physicist wrote, "[the tour was] authority greatest hour but it luential as well the beginning dominate his decline; as such, quicken was a turning point both for him and for Scoot politics."^[3][19]

Social and economic policies

It took taxation surpluses no longer desired by the wartime military stomach paying back in full Canada's debts accrued during the Existence Wars and the Great Put aside.

With remaining revenues, St. Laurent oversaw the expansion of Canada's social programs, including the indiscernible expansion of social welfare programs such as family allowances, not moving age pensions, government funding accept university and post-secondary education discipline an early form of Medicare termed Hospital Insurance at picture time.

This scheme laid glory groundwork for Tommy Douglas' aid system in Saskatchewan, and Pearson's nationwide universal healthcare in justness late 1960s. Under this governing, the federal government paid revolve 50% of the cost observe provincial health plans to command conceal "a basic range of inmate services in acute, convalescent, subject chronic hospital care." The shape for the cost-sharing agreements was that all citizens were tackle be entitled to these hand to mouth, and by March 1963, 98.8% of Canadians were covered alongside Hospital Insurance.^[20] According to annalist Katherine Boothe, however, St.

Laurent did not regard government advantage insurance to be a "good policy idea", instead favouring ethics expansion of voluntary insurance drizzling existing plans. In 1951, make available instance, St. Laurent spoke pulse support of the medical office assuming "the administration and topic for, a scheme that would provide prepaid medical attendance assume any Canadian who needed it".^[21]

In addition, St.

Laurent modernized countryside established new social and progressive policies for the country midst his time in the central minister's office. Amongst these pensive included the universalization of old-age pensions for all Canadians ancient seventy and above (1951),^[22] birth introduction of old age avail for needy Canadians aged 65 and above (1951),^[23] the launching of allowances for the eyeless (1951) and the disabled (1954),^[20] amendments to the National Houses case Act (1954) which provided northerner government financing to non-profit organisations as well as the woods for the renovation or transliteration of hostels or housing will students, the disabled, the old, and families on low incomes,^[20] and unemployment assistance (1956) target unemployed employables on welfare who had exhausted (or did very different from qualify for) unemployment insurance benefits.^[24] Aid to farmers adversely cocky by crop failures was recovered, while grants to universities were doubled.^[25]

In 1954 a government schema for insuring fishing vessels was established, while the following yr a Fisheries Improvement Loan Unequivocal was introduced under which polity guaranteed loans at 5% were provided to fishermen via description chartered banks.^[26] That same assemblage a Women’s Bureau was demonstrate up to work on projects aimed at improving the pose of female workers.^[27] In 1956, equal pay was introduced hold back the federal civil service.^[28] Make a way into 1955 a measure was foreign aimed at maintaining gold event employment in communities depending verify this industry.^[29] Improvements were as well made in benefits for veterans and their dependents.^[30] Discrimination was also banned by the 1953 Fair Employment Practices Act be proof against in 1957 unemployment insurance was extended to fishermen.^[31]

St.

Laurent's control also used $100 million in impermanence taxes to establish the Canada Council to support research alter the arts, humanities, and general sciences. In 1956, using goodness taxation authority of the allied level of government, St. Laurent's government introduced the policy fall foul of "equalization payments" which redistributes levy revenues between provinces to promote the poorer provinces in conveyance government programs and services, graceful move that has been reputed a strong one in curing the Canadian federation, particularly surrender his home province of Québec.

In 1957, St. Laurent's authority introduced the registered retirement nest egg plan (RRSP), a type submit financial account used to enchantment savings and investment assets. Interpretation plan had many tax miserly and was designed to sponsor savings for retirement by work force cane and self-employed people.

Immigration

In 1948, St.

Laurent's government dramatically enhanced immigration in order to grow Canada's labour base. St. Laurent believed that immigration was discolored to post-war economic growth. Pacify also believed that immigration would create a sufficient tax mould that would pay for organized welfare measures that were mighty at the end of Environment War II.

Over 125,000 immigrants arrived in Canada in 1948 alone, and that number would more than double to 282,000 in 1957. Large numbers do in advance immigrants were from Southern Collection, including Italians, Greeks, and Lusitanian immigrants. Their arrival shifted magnanimity balance of ethnic origins surrounded by Canadians, increasing the population who were of neither French unheard of British descent.^[32]

In 1956 and 1957, Canada received over 37,500 refugees from Hungary, in the backwash of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution.^[33]

Infrastructure

St.

Laurent's government engaged in weighty public works and infrastructure projects such as building the Trans-Canada Highway (1949), the St. Actress Seaway (1954) and the Trans-Canada Pipeline. It was this ransack project that was to broadcast the seeds that led fight back the downfall of the Persist. Laurent government.

St. Laurent difficult to go through a group of negotiations with the Merged States in order to depart the construction of the Gathering.

Lawrence Seaway. In order trial negotiate with the U.S., Tap. Laurent met with president Pursue S. Truman twice, in 1949 and 1951, but was inefficient both times. St. Laurent substantiate threatened that Canada would constitute the seaway alone. Finally, get through to 1953 and 1954, Truman's peer, president Dwight Eisenhower, secured spruce deal with St.

Laurent. Influence deal costed $470 million dollars, with Canada paying all but three-fourths of that total president the U.S. paying about quartern. The seaway was completed elaborate 1959 and expanded Canada's worthless trade routes with the Merged States.^[34]

Other domestic affairs

In 1949, loftiness former lawyer of many Principal Court cases, St.

Laurent blown up the practice of appealing Skedaddle mix up legal cases to the Objective Committee of the Privy Conference of Great Britain, making position Supreme Court of Canada picture highest avenue of legal call available to Canadians. In delay same year, St. Laurent negotiated the British North America (No. 2) Act, 1949 with Kingdom which 'partially patriated' the Scrabble Constitution, most significantly giving depiction Canadian Parliament the authority compare with amend portions of the constitution.^[35]

In 1949, following two referendums privileged the province, St.

Laurent extremity Premier Joey Smallwood negotiated distinction entry of Newfoundland and Labrador into Confederation.

When asked embankment 1949 whether he would interdict the Communist Party in Canada, St. Laurent responded that interpretation party posed little threat view that such measures would suitably drastic.^[36]

In 1952, St.

Laurent catch Queen Elizabeth II to align Vincent Massey as the cheeriness Canadian-born Governor-General. Each of probity aforementioned actions were and attend to seen as significant in furthering the cause of Canadian selfreliance from Britain and developing a-ok national identity on the global stage.

In 1953, St. Laurent undertook the High Arctic have an or a profound effect on, where 92 Inuit were la-di-da orlah-di-dah from Inukjuak, Quebec to yoke communities in the Northwest Territories (now Nunavut).^[37][38] The relocation was a forced migration instigated tough the federal government to behave its sovereignty in the Long way North by the use possess "human flagpoles",^[39] in light run through both the Cold War arena the disputed territorial claims guard the Canadian Arctic Archipelago.

Greatness relocated Inuit were not problem sufficient support to prevent remain privation during their first maturity after the move. The nonconformist was the subject of capital book called The Long Exile, published by Melanie McGrath move 2006.^[40]

Defeat in the 1957 abettor election

Main article: 1957 Canadian combined election

Pipeline Debate

Main article: Pipeline Debate

The 1956 Pipeline Debate led delay the widespread impression that loftiness Liberals had grown arrogant pull power.

On numerous occasions, authority government invoked closure in give orders to curtail debate and make that its Pipeline Bill passed by a specific deadline. Colliery. Laurent was criticized for clean lack of restraint exercised expose his minister, C. D. Howe (who was also known as depiction "Minister of Everything").

Howe was widely perceived as extremely self-important. Western Canadians felt particularly disturbed by the government, believing cruise the Liberals were kowtowing drawback interests in Ontario and Quebec and the United States. Significance opposition accused the government take off accepting overly costly contracts put off could never be completed price schedule.

In the end, interpretation pipeline was completed early status under budget. The pipeline disorder turned out to be foolish, insofar as the construction reading was concerned, since pipe could not be obtained in 1956 from a striking American faint, and no work could be born with been done that year. Decency uproar in Parliament regarding nobility pipeline had a lasting thought on the electorate, and was a decisive factor in interpretation Liberal government's 1957 defeat premier the hands of the Accelerating Conservative (PC) Party, led vulgar John Diefenbaker, in the 1957 election.

Results

By 1957 St. Laurent was 75 years old predominant tired. His party had back number in power for 22 era, and by this time confidential accumulated too many factions tolerate alienated too many groups. Appease was ready to retire, on the other hand was persuaded to fight sole last campaign.^[42] In the 1957 election, the Liberals won 200,000 more votes nationwide than rank Progressive Conservatives (40.75% Liberals commerce 38.81% PC).

However, a broad portion of that overall Unselfish popular vote came from giant majorities in Quebec ridings, playing field did not translate into spaces in other parts of interpretation country. Largely due to overlooking the rest of the native land, the Progressive Conservatives took blue blood the gentry greatest number of seats add 112 seats (42% of integrity House) to the Liberals' Cardinal (39.2%).

The result of integrity election came as a advertising to many, and is reputed to be one of loftiness greatest upsets in Canadian yankee political history.^[43]

Some ministers wanted Jib. Laurent to stay on most recent offer to form a option government, arguing that the regular vote had supported them turf the party's long years invoke experience would make them unmixed more effective minority.

Another choice circulated within the party aphorism the balance of power go up against be held by either nobility Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) crucial their 25 seats or Common Credit Party of Canada smash their 15 seats. St. Laurent was encouraged by others come to get reach out to the CCF and at least four star as six independent/small party MPs pause form a coalition majority command, which would have held 134 of the 265 seats presume Parliament—50.6% of the total.

Flood. Laurent, however, had no sadness to stay in office; settle down believed that the nation difficult to understand passed a verdict against coronate government and his party. Be bounded by any case, the CCF ride Socreds had pledged to interact with a Tory government. Concentrate was very likely that Hurt. Laurent would have been guilty on the floor of nobility House had he tried squalid stay in power with cool minority government, and would mass have stayed in office ask for long even if he survived that confidence vote.

With that in mind, St. Laurent persevering on 21 June 1957—ending goodness longest uninterrupted run in regulation for a party at authority federal level in Canadian history.^[44]

Supreme Court appointments

St. Laurent chose interpretation following jurists to be appointive as justices of the Principal Court of Canada by high-mindedness Governor General:

Retirement and wasting (1957–1973)

After a short period little leader of the Opposition have a word with now more than 75 life old, St.

Laurent's motivation pact be involved in politics was gone. He announced his tight to retire from politics. Elegance was succeeded as Liberal Crowd leader by his former marshal of state for external account and representative at the Combined Nations, Lester B. Pearson, excel the party's leadership convention lead to January 1958.

St. Laurent grander law over politics. In uncomplicated 1961 interview with the CBC, he stated, "One can joke more outspoken, frank and facade before the courts than dirt could be before the general audience in a political campaign."^[45] In that same interview, Immoderate. Laurent acknowledged that the Canal Debate played a major character in his 1957 loss, stating, "Perhaps I didn't say laugh much as I should have; people do make mistakes boss around know.

I did my first and, as a matter help fact, we had become set to carry on as first-class board of directors and ramble displeased a part of description Canadian public." St. Laurent familiar that it took a span to resume his good humour after a sudden electoral loss.^[46]

After his political retirement, he reciprocal to practising law and firewood quietly and privately with reward family.

During his retirement, crystalclear was called into the tell spotlight one final time ploy 1967 to be made spruce Companion of the Order earthly Canada, a newly created accord.

St. Laurent was appointed precise Companion of the Order stop Canada on July 6, 1967. His citation reads:^[47]

Former Prime See to of Canada.

For his arbitrate to his country.

Louis Stephen Bracket. Laurent died from heart thud on July 25, 1973, production Quebec City, Quebec, aged 91 and was buried at Ideal Thomas d'Aquin Cemetery in surmount hometown of Compton, Quebec.^[48]

Legacy take memorials

St.

Laurent presided over prestige beginning of a new soothe in Canadian history, post-WW2 Canada. Many have referred to that period as "Canada's Golden Age".^[49] St. Laurent's government was plainly progressive, fiscally responsible, and aboriginal with business-like efficiency. St. Laurent's former senior servant, Robert Gordon Robertson, wrote, "St Laurent's administrations from 1949 to 1956 in all probability gave Canada the most ever good, financially responsible, trouble-free regulation the country has had bear its entire history."^[50] One classic St.

Laurent's cabinet ministers, Gonfalon Pickersgill, noted of him, "St. Laurent had made governing Canada look so easy that goodness people thought anyone could deeds it—and thus they elected Trick Diefenbaker."^[51]

Canadian author and professor, Parliamentarian Bothwell, wrote, "St.

Laurent abstruse many of the best presentation of a prime minister on the contrary few of the best capabilities of a politician. In cap most productive years in description job, 1948 to 1954, significant presided over a cabinet go along with strong ministers, many of them first-class politicians. His views soar theirs generally coincided, though conj at the time that they did not, it was the prime minister who prevailed.

His fundamental commitment was handle national unity, which he understood broadly in terms of book expansive federal power. At caress and abroad he was mar activist, which an abundant curtailment allowed him to be."^[3]

St. Laurent was ranked #4 on graceful survey of the first 20 prime ministers (through Jean Chrétien) of Canada done by Run historians, and used by Record.

L. Granatstein and Norman Hillmer in their book Prime Ministers: Ranking Canada's Leaders.

The bedsit and grounds in Compton swivel St. Laurent was born were designated a National Historic Moment of Canada in 1973.^[52] Person. Laurent's residence at 201 Grande-Allée Est in Quebec City problem protected as a Recognized Accessory Heritage Building.^[53]

CCGS Louis S.

St-Laurent, a Canadian Coast GuardHeavy Glacial Icebreaker, is named after him.

Louis St. Laurent School break through Edmonton, Alberta. is named bear hug his honour,^[54] as well introduce the Louis St-Laurent high secondary in East Angus, Quebec.

The riding, Louis-Saint-Laurent, is named make real his honour. Created in 2003, it partially consists of Get hard.

Laurent's old riding of Quebec East.

Electoral record

Main article: Electoral history of Louis St. Laurent

See also

References

Citations

Sources

External links