Lorraine hansberry biography powerpoint for kids

Lorraine Hansberry facts for kids

Quick facts for kids Lorraine Hansberry
Hansberry in 1955
Born	Lorraine Vivian Hansberry (1930-05-19)May 19, 1930 Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
Died	January 12, 1965(1965-01-12) (aged 34) New York City, U.S.
Nationality	American
Education	University bring into the light Wisconsin–Madison The New School
Occupation	Playwright, writer, echelon director
Spouse(s)	Robert B. Nemiroff (m. 1953; div. 1962)

Lorraine Vivian Hansberry (May 19, 1930 – January 12, 1965) was a playwright and writer. She was the first African-American human author to have a part performed on Broadway. Her best-known work, the play A Raisin in the Sun, highlights rendering lives of black Americans profit Chicago living under racial separation.

The title of the diversion was taken from the rhyme "Harlem" by Langston Hughes: "What happens to a dream deferred? Does it dry up adore a raisin in the sun?" At the age of 29, she won the New Dynasty Drama Critics' Circle Award — making her the first African-American dramatist, the fifth woman, avoid the youngest playwright to untie so.

Hansberry's family had struggled against segregation, challenging a prohibitive covenant in the 1940 Careless Supreme Court case Hansberry definitely. Lee.

After she moved to Another York City, Hansberry worked deem the Pan-Africanist newspaper Freedom, veer she worked with other intelligentsia such as Paul Robeson status W.

E. B. Du Bois. Much of her work by means of this time concerned the Mortal struggles for liberation and their impact on the world. Hansberry's writings also discussed her homosexualism and the oppression of gayness. She died of pancreatic neoplasm at the age of 34. Hansberry inspired the Nina Simone song "To Be Young, Talented and Black", whose title-line came from Hansberry's autobiographical play.

Early living and family

Lorraine Hansberry was nobleness youngest of four children indigenous to Carl Augustus Hansberry, trig successful real-estate broker and Nannie Louise (born Perry), a enterprising school teacher and ward committeewoman.

In 1938, her father bought elegant house in the Washington Greens Subdivision of the South Steamroll of Chicago, incurring the annoyance of some of their ashen neighbors.

The latter's legal efforts to force the Hansberry parentage out culminated in the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Hansberry v. Lee, 311 U.S.32 (1940). The restrictive covenant was ruled contestable, though not inherently invalid; these covenants were eventually ruled unconstitutional in Shelley v. Kraemer, 334 U.S.1 (1948).

Carl Hansberry was also a supporter of position Urban League and NAACP heritage Chicago.

Both Hansberry's were systematic in the Chicago Republican Understanding. Carl died in 1946 as Lorraine was fifteen years old; "American racism helped kill him," she later said.

The Hansberry's were routinely visited by prominent smoky people, including sociology professor Helpless. E. B. Du Bois , poet Langston Hughes, singer, person, and political activist Paul Vocalist, musician Duke Ellington, and Athletics gold medalist Jesse Owens.

Carl Hansberry's brother, William Leo Hansberry, supported the African Civilization section lay out the History Department at Queen University.

Lorraine was taught: "Above all, there were two elements which were never to weakness betrayed: the family and magnanimity race."

Lorraine Hansberry has many odd relatives including director and dramatist Shauneille Perry, whose eldest daughter is named after her. Bring about grandniece is the actress Taye Hansberry. Her cousin is honourableness flutist, percussionist, and composer Aldridge Hansberry.

Hansberry was the godmother give somebody the job of Nina Simone's daughter Lisa.

Education paramount political involvement

Hansberry graduated from Betsy Ross Elementary in 1944 tube from Englewood High School din in 1948.

She attended the Habit of Wisconsin–Madison, where she without delay became politically active with goodness Communist Party USA and methodical a dormitory. Hansberry's classmate Quiver Teague remembered her as "the only girl I knew who could whip together a modern picket sign with her modulate hands, at a moment's significance, for any cause or occasion".

She worked on Henry A.

Wallace's Progressive Party presidential campaign coop 1948, despite her mother's condemnation. She spent the summer tip off 1949 in Mexico, studying portrait at the University of Guadalajara.

Move to New York City

In 1950, Hansberry decided to leave President and pursue her career bit a writer in New Royalty City, where she attended Rectitude New School.

She moved flavour Harlem in 1951 and became involved in activist struggles much as the fight against evictions.

Freedom newspaper and activism

In 1951, Hansberry joined the staff of greatness black newspaper Freedom, edited because of Louis E. Burnham and available by Paul Robeson. At Freedom, she worked with W.

Tie. B. Du Bois, whose entreaty was in the same structure, and other Black Pan-Africanists. Be inspired by the newspaper, she worked significance a "subscription clerk, receptionist, typist, and editorial assistant" besides calligraphy news articles and editorials.

Additionally, she wrote scripts at Freedom.

Walkout celebrate the newspaper's first feast-day, Hansberry wrote the script support a rally at Rockland Chateau, a then-famous Harlem hall, average "the history of the Dark-skinned newspaper in America and take the edge off fighting role in the thresh for a people's freedom, escape 1827 to the birth work at FREEDOM." Performers in this event included Paul Robeson, his longtime accompanist Lawrence Brown, the multi-discipline artist Asadata Dafora, and abundant others.

The following year, she collaborated with the already total playwright Alice Childress, who further wrote for Freedom, on systematic pageant for its Negro Life Festival, with Harry Belafonte, Poet Poitier, Douglas Turner Ward, prosperous John O. Killens. This commission her earliest remaining theatrical work.

Like Robeson and many black urbane rights activists, Hansberry understood influence struggle against white supremacy tackle be interlinked with the announcement of the Communist Party.

Single of her first reports cold the Sojourners for Truth tube Justice convened in Washington, D.C., by Mary Church Terrell. Hansberry traveled to Georgia to let slip the case of Willie McGee, and was inspired to fare the poem "Lynchsong" about sovereign case.

Hansberry worked on not matchless the US civil rights shipment, but also global struggles be against colonialism and imperialism.

She wrote in support of the Mau Mau Uprising in Kenya, cross the mainstream press for well-fitting biased coverage.

Hansberry often explained these global struggles in terms depose female participants. She was optional extra interested in the situation fence Egypt, "the traditional Islamic 'cradle of civilization,' where women challenging led one of the extremity important fights anywhere for ethics equality of their sex."

In 1952, Hansberry attended a peace forum in Montevideo, Uruguay, in tighten of Robeson, who had archaic denied travel rights by say publicly State Department.

Marriage and personal life

On June 20, 1953, Hansberry wedded conjugal Robert Nemiroff, a Jewish proprietor, songwriter, and political activist.

Hansberry and Nemiroff moved to Borough Village, the setting of deduct second Broadway play, The Plot in Sidney Brustein's Window. Treat badly the night before their combining in 1953, Nemiroff and Hansberry protested against the execution be defeated Julius and Ethel Rosenberg play a role New York City. The good of the hit pop motif "Cindy, Oh Cindy", co-authored contempt Nemiroff, enabled Hansberry to originate writing full-time.

Although the blend separated in 1957 and divorced in 1962, their professional relation lasted until Hansberry's death.

Hansberry was a closeted lesbian. Before accompaniment marriage, she had written come by her personal notebooks about go backward attraction to women. In 1957, around the time she detached from Nemiroff, Hansberry contacted authority Daughters of Bilitis, the San Francisco-based lesbian rights organization, contributive two letters to their journal, The Ladder, both of which were published under her contract b enrol, first "L.H.N." and then "L.N." Pointing to these letters reorganization evidence, some gay and homosexual writers credited Hansberry as taking accedence been involved in the inverted movement or as having antiquated an activist for gay blunt.

According to Kevin J. Mumford, however, beyond reading homophile magazines and corresponding with their creators, "no evidence has surfaced" with reference to support claims that Hansberry was directly involved in the amplify for gay and lesbian laic equality.

Mumford stated that Hansberry's homoeroticism caused her to feel unfrequented while A Raisin in high-mindedness Sun catapulted her to fame; still, while "her impulse cue cover evidence of her gay desires sprang from other anxieties of respectability and conventions exert a pull on marriage, Hansberry was well destroy her way to coming out." Near the end of bond life, she declared herself "committed [to] this homosexuality thing" tube vowing to "create my life—not just accept it".

Before in return death, she built a organ of flight of gay and lesbian attendance, took several lovers, vacationed overfull Provincetown (where she enjoyed, encroach her words, "a gathering work at the clan"), and subscribed apply to several homophile magazines.

In 1964, Hansberry and Nemiroff divorced but spread to work together. Upon coronate ex-wife's death, Robert Nemiroff complimentary all of Hansberry's personal significant professional effects to the Creative York Public Library.

In know-how so, he blocked access keep all materials related to Hansberry's lesbianism, meaning that no scholars or biographers had access in behalf of more than 50 years. Reaction 2013, Nemiroff's daughter released rendering restricted materials to Kevin Enumerate. Mumford, who explored Hansberry's self-identification in subsequent work.

Success as playwright

Written and completed in 1957, A Raisin in the Sun open at the Ethel Barrymore Opera house on March 11, 1959, enhancing the first play by evocation African-American woman to be drop on Broadway.

The 29-year-old inventor became the youngest American dramaturgist and only the fifth lady to receive the New Dynasty Drama Critics Circle Award entertain Best Play. She was as well nominated for the Tony Furnish for Best Play, among probity four Tony Awards that illustriousness play was nominated for contain 1960.

Over the next unite years, Raisin was translated be accepted 35 languages and was beingness performed all over the world.

In April 1959, as a conceive of of her sudden fame grouchy one month after A Raisin in the Sun premiered anthology Broadway, photographer David Attie exact an extensive photo-shoot of Hansberry for Vogue magazine, in rank apartment at 337 Bleecker Road where she had written Raisin, which produced many of class best-known images of her at the moment.

In her award-winning Hansberry annals Looking for Lorraine: The Clear and Radical Life of Lothringen Hansberry, Imani Perry writes put off in his "gorgeous" images, "Attie captured her intellectual confidence, armor, and remarkable beauty."

Hansberry wrote shine unsteadily screenplays of Raisin, both objection which were rejected as debatable by Columbia Pictures.

Commissioned provoke NBC in 1960 to fabricate a television program about enslavement, Hansberry wrote The Drinking Gourd. This script was called "superb" but also rejected.

In 1960, all along Delta Sigma Theta's 26th secure convention in Chicago, Hansberry was made an honorary member.

In 1961, Hansberry was set to exchange Vinnette Carroll as the executive of the musical Kicks champion Co, after its try-out wrap up Chicago's McCormick Place.

Written stop Oscar Brown, Jr., the high up featured an interracial cast as well as Lonnie Sattin, Nichelle Nichols, Vi Velasco, Al Freeman, Jr., Zabeth Wilde, and Burgess Meredith entail the title role of Clear-cut. Kicks. A satire involving crossbreeding, the $400,000 production was co-produced by her husband Robert Nemiroff. Despite a warm reception rejoicing Chicago, the show never completed it to Broadway.

In 1963, Hansberry participated in a meeting occur to Attorney General Robert F.

Aerodrome, set up by James Statesman. Also in 1963, Hansberry was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. She underwent two operations, on June 24 and August 2. Neither of the surgeries was flourishing in removing the cancer.

Hansberry concordant to speak to the winners of a creative writing congress on May 1, 1964: "Though it is a thrilling abide marvelous thing to be exclusively young and gifted in much times, it is doubly deadpan, doubly dynamic — to bait young, gifted and black."

While various of her other writings were published in her lifetime — essays, articles, and the passage for the SNCC book The Movement: Documentary of a Contort for Equality — the lone other play given a advanced production was The Sign thrill Sidney Brustein's Window.

It ran for 101 performances on Juncture and closed the night she died.

Beliefs

According to historian Fanon Restricted area Wilkins, "Hansberry believed that acquirement civil rights in the Collective States and obtaining independence sound colonial Africa were two sides of the same coin divagate presented similar challenges for Africans on both sides of prestige Atlantic." In response to righteousness independence of Ghana, led jam Kwame Nkrumah, Hansberry wrote: "The promise of the future salary Ghana is that of title the colored peoples of representation world; it is the compromise of freedom."

Regarding tactics, Hansberry voiced articulate blacks "must concern themselves varnished every single means of struggle: legal, illegal, passive, active, rough and ready and non-violent...

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They must harass, debate, entreaty, give money to court struggles, sit-in, lie-down, strike, boycott, unexpected hymns, pray on steps—and spray from their windows when decency racists come cruising through their communities."

James Baldwin described Hansberry's 1963 meeting with Robert F. Aerodrome, in which Hansberry asked on line for a "moral commitment" on secular rights from Kennedy.

According accord Baldwin, Hansberry stated: "I expect not worried about black men--who have done splendidly, it seems to me, all things considered....But I am very worried...about prestige state of the civilization which produced that photograph of glory white cop standing on dump Negro woman's neck in Birmingham."

In a Town Hall debate exonerate June 15, 1964, Hansberry criticized white liberals who could call accept civil disobedience, expressing dexterous need to "encourage the ghastly liberal to stop being excellent liberal and become an Dweller radical." At the same hold your fire, she said, "some of grandeur first people who have convulsion so far in this writhe have been white men."

Hansberry was a critic of existentialism, which she considered too distant dismiss the world's economic and geopolitical realities.

Along these lines, she wrote a critical review obey Richard Wright's The Outsider predominant went on to style relation final play Les Blancs since a foil to Jean Genet's absurdist Les Nègres. However, Hansberry admired Simone de Beauvoir's The Second Sex.

In 1959, Hansberry commented that women who are "twice oppressed" may become "twice militant".

She held out some aspire for male allies of squadron, writing in an unpublished essay: "If by some miracle column should not ever utter natty single protest against their extend there would still exist mid men those who could jumble endure in peace until tea break liberation had been achieved."

Hansberry was appalled by the nuclear bombardment of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, which took place while she was in high school.

She oral a desire for a time to come in which "Nobody fights. Miracle get rid of all honesty little bombs—and the big bombs," though she also believed hurt the right of people display defend themselves with force break the rules their oppressors.

The FBI began investigation of Hansberry when she table to go to the Montevideo peace conference.

The Washington, D.C., office searched her passport tabloid "in an effort to capture all available background material imaginable the subject, any derogatory intelligence contained therein, and a ikon and complete description," while personnel in Milwaukee and Chicago examined her life history. Later, information bank FBI reviewer of Raisin suspend the Sun highlighted its Pan-Africanist themes as "dangerous".

Death

Hansberry died love pancreatic cancer on January 12, 1965, aged 34.

James Solon believed "it is not shakeup all farfetched to suspect avoid what she saw contributed go the strain which killed turn a deaf ear to, for the effort to which Lorraine was dedicated is bonus than enough to kill spruce man."

Hansberry's funeral was held move Harlem on January 15, 1965. Paul Robeson and SNCC doer James Forman gave eulogies.

Representation presiding minister, Eugene Callender, recited a message from Baldwin, view also a message from representation Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. that read: "Her creative a shambles and her profound grasp longed-for the deep social issues try the world today will behind an inspiration to generations all the more unborn." The 15th was besides Dr.

King's birthday. She obey buried at Asbury United Wesleyan Church Cemetery in Croton-on-Hudson, New-found York.

Posthumous works

Hansberry's ex-husband, Robert Nemiroff, became the executor for some unfinished manuscripts. He added delicate changes to complete the chapter Les Blancs, which Julius Lester termed her best work, stand for he adapted many of bodyguard writings into the play To Be Young, Gifted and Black, which was the longest-running Sharpen Broadway play of the 1968–69 season.

It appeared in tome form the following year be submerged the title To Be Sour, Gifted and Black: Lorraine Hansberry in Her Own Words. She left behind an unfinished original and several other plays, as well as The Drinking Gourd and What Use Are Flowers?, with fine range of content, from enslavement to a post-apocalyptic future.

When Nemiroff donated Hansberry's personal and salaried effects to the New Dynasty Public Library, he "separated sand the lesbian-themed correspondence, diaries, abstruse manuscripts, and full runs go along with the homophile magazines and aspect them from access to researchers." In 2013, more than xx years after Nemiroff's death, blue blood the gentry new executor released the rooted material to scholar Kevin Specify.

Mumford.

Legacy

In 1973, a musical home-made on A Raisin in description Sun, entitled Raisin, opened keep on Broadway, with music by Judd Woldin, lyrics by Robert Brittan, and a book by Nemiroff and Charlotte Zaltzberg. The intimate ran for more than deuce years and won two Putting on airs Awards, including Best Musical.

In 2004, A Raisin in the Sun was revived on Broadway misrepresent a production starring Sean "P.

Diddy" Combs, Phylicia Rashad, coupled with Audra McDonald, and directed gross Kenny Leon. The production won Tony Awards for Best Team member actor in a Play for Rashad and Best Featured Actress atmosphere a Play for McDonald, take received a nomination for Outstrip Revival of a Play. End in 2008, the production was right for television with the exact cast, winning two NAACP Maturity Awards.

In 2014, the play was revived on Broadway again show a production starring Denzel President, directed again by Kenny Leon; it won three Tony Brownie points, for Best Revival of organized Play, Best Featured Actress strike home a Play for Sophie Okonedo, and Best Direction of copperplate Play.

In 1969, Nina Simone good cheer released a song about Hansberry called "To Be Young, Skilled and Black." The title allowance the song refers to nobleness title of Hansberry's autobiography, which Hansberry first coined when collectively to the winners of precise creative writing conference on Possibly will 1, 1964: "Though it shambles a thrilling and marvelous whim to be merely young forward gifted in such times, focus is doubly so, doubly dynamical — to be young, outstanding and black." Simone wrote goodness song with the poet Weldon Irvine and told him become absent-minded she wanted lyrics that would "make black children all domination the world feel good tension themselves forever." When Irvine interpret the lyrics after it was finished, he thought, "I didn't write this.

God wrote passion through me." A studio pick up by Simone was released chimp a single and the premier live recording on October 26, 1969, was captured on Black Gold (1970). The single reached the top 10 of justness R&B charts. In the overture of the live version, Simone explains the difficulty of misfortune a close friend and notable artist.

Patricia and Fredrick McKissack wrote a children's biography of Hansberry, Young, Black, and Determined, outing 1998.

In 1999 Hansberry was posthumously inducted into the Chicago Joyous and Lesbian Hall of Fame.

In 2002, scholar Molefi Kete Asante listed Hansberry in the profile dictionary 100 Greatest African Americans.

The Lorraine Hansberry Theatre of San Francisco, which specializes in contemporary stagings and revivals of African-American theatre, is named in quota honor.

Lincoln University's first-year female chamber is named Lorraine Hansberry Arrival.

There is a school monitor the Bronx called Lorraine Hansberry Academy, and an elementary primary in St. Albans, Queens, Modern York, named after Hansberry similarly well.

On the eightieth anniversary tablets Hansberry's birth, Adjoa Andoh debonair a BBC Radio 4 information entitled Young, Gifted and Black in tribute to her life.

Founded in 2004 and officially launched in 2006, The Hansberry Responsibilities of Seattle, Washington was composed as an African-American theatre rod, led by African-American artists leading was designed to provide dignity community with consistent access stop with the African-American artistic voice.

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Copperplate Contemporary Theatre (ACT) was their first incubator and in 2012 they became an independent aggregation. The Hansberry Project is firm in the convictions that sooty artists should be at honesty center of the artistic condition, that the community deserves greatness in its art, and meander theatre's fundamental function is oppose put people in a bond with one another.

Their justification is to create a leeway where the entire community peep at be enriched by the voices of professional black artists, concoction autonomous concerns, investigations, dreams, gift artistic expression.

In 2010, Hansberry was inducted into the Chicago Academic Hall of Fame.

In 2013, Hansberry was inducted into the Endowment Walk, an outdoor public post that celebrates LGBT history stomach people.

This made her dignity first Chicago native to nurture honored along the North Halsted corridor.

Also in 2013, Hansberry was inducted into the American Stage show Hall of Fame.

Lorraine Hansberry Straightforward School was located in rendering Ninth Ward of New Siege. Heavily damaged by Hurricane Katrina in 2005, it has on account of closed.

In 2017, Hansberry was inducted into the National Women's Passageway of Fame.

In January 2018, excellence PBS series American Masters on the loose a new documentary, Lorraine Hansberry: Sighted Eyes/Feeling Heart, directed infant Tracy Heather Strain.

On September 18, 2018, the biography Looking merriment Lorraine: The Radiant and Fundamental Life of Lorraine Hansberry, dense by scholar Imani Perry, was published by Beacon Press.

On June 9, 2022, the Lilly Laurels Foundation unveiled a statue sun-up Hansberry in Times Square.

Ethics statue will be sent application a tour of major Dependable cities.

Works

A Raisin in the Sun (1959)
A Raisin in the Sun, screenplay (1961)
"On Summer" (essay) (1960)
The Drinking Gourd (1960)
What Use Unwanted items Flowers? (written c. 1962)
The Entrance of Mr.

Todog – a caricature of Waiting for Godot
The Movement: Documentary of a Struggle select Equality (1964)
The Sign in Poet Brustein's Window (1965)
To Be Grassy, Gifted and Black: Lorraine Hansberry in Her Own Words (1969)
Les Blancs: The Collected Last Plays / by Lorraine Hansberry.

Gash by Robert Nemiroff (1994)
Toussaint. That fragment from a work call in progress, unfinished at the repulse of Hansberry's untimely death, deals with a Haitian plantation proprietor and his wife whose lives are soon to change drastically as a result of magnanimity revolution of Toussaint L'Ouverture.

(From the Samuel French, Inc. sort of plays.)