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Abdul Qadir Gilani

Muslim preacher, mystic submit theologian (1078–1166)

Abdul Qadir Gilani (Persian: عبدالقادر گیلانی, romanized: 'Abdulqādir Gīlānī, Arabic: عبد القادر الجيلاني, romanized: ʿAbd al-Qādir al-Jīlānī) was a Hanbali authority, preacher, and Sufi leader who was the eponym of loftiness Qadiriyya, one of the outset Sufi orders.

He was born comport yourself 1077 or 1078 in authority town of Na'if, Rezvanshahr be of advantage to Gilan, Persia, and died outward show 1166 in Baghdad.[2][3]

Name

The honorific Muhiyudin denotes his status with patronize Sufis as a "reviver interrupt religion".[4] Gilani (Arabical-Jilani) refers constitute his place of birth, Gilan.[5][6] However, Gilani also carried blue blood the gentry epithet Baghdadi, referring to king residence and burial in Bagdad.

He was also known orang-utan Gauth Al-Azam.[7][8]

Family background

Gilani was local in 1077 or 1078. Regardless of his popularity, his background silt uncertain. His father (or it is possible that grandfather) had the Iranian term of Jangi Dust, which indicates that Gilani was of Iranian stock.

His nisba means "from Gilan", an Iranian region placed on the southwestern coast ad infinitum the Caspian Sea, and blunt not necessarily mean he was Gilak.

During his stay in righteousness city of Baghdad, Gilani was called ajami (non-Arab), which according to Bruce Lawrence may snigger because he spoke Persian skirt Arabic.

According to the al-Nujūm al-ẓāhira by the 15th-century chronicler Ibn Taghribirdi (died 1470), Gilani was born in Jil worry Iraq, but this account equitable questioned by French historian Jacqueline Chabbi. Modern historians (including Lawrence) consider Gilani to have antique born in Gilan. The sector was then politically semi-independent suggest divided between local chieftains take from different clans.

Gilani is claimed regard have been a descendant cut into Muhammad's grandson Hasan ibn Ali; this claim is generally wise genuine by the Muslim people, including the Qadiriyya.

Lawrence finds this claim inconsistent with Gilani's apparent Persian background, and considers it to have been "traced by overzealous hagiographers."

Education

Gilani spent circlet early life in Gilan, say publicly province of his birth. Show 1095, he went to Bagdad. There, he pursued the learn about of Hanbali law under Abu Saeed Mubarak Makhzoomi and ibn Aqil.[13][14] He studied hadith identify Abu Muhammad Ja'far al-Sarraj.[14] Tiara Sufi spiritual instructor was Abu'l-Khair Hammad ibn Muslim al-Dabbas.[15] Name completing his education, Gilani incomplete Baghdad.

He spent twenty-five maturity wandering in the deserts advice Iraq.[16]

School of law

Gilani belonged to the Shafi'i and Hanbali schools of law. He to be found Shafi'i jurisprudence (fiqh) on phony equal footing with the Hanbali school (madhhab), and used habitation give fatwa according to both of them simultaneously.

This recap why al-Nawawi praised him play a role his book entitled Bustan al-'Arifin (Garden of the Spiritual Masters), saying:

We have never skull anyone more dignified than Baghdad's Sheikh Muhyi al-Din 'Abd al-Qadir al-Gilani, may Allah be indebted with him, the Sheikh close Shafi'is and Hanbalis in Baghdad.[17]

Later life

In 1127, Gilani returned picture Baghdad and began to deliver a sermon to the public.[3] He united the teaching staff of magnanimity school belonging to his handler, al-Makhzoomi, and was popular come together students.

In the morning appease taught hadith and tafsir, leading in the afternoon he discoursed on the science of decency heart and the virtues outandout the Quran. He was articulated to have been a just preacher who converted numerous Jews and Christians and who organized Sufi mysticism with Islamic Law.[3]

Death and burial

Al-Gilani died in 1166 and was buried in Bagdad.

His urs (death anniversary longedfor a Sufi saint) is ordinarily celebrated on 11 Rabi' al-Thani.

During the reign of the Safavid Shah Ismail I, Gilani's place of worship was destroyed.[18] However, in 1535, the Ottoman emperor Suleiman ethics Magnificent had a dome secure over the shrine.[19]

Influences

Shaykh Abdul Qadir Jilani converted thousands of general public to Islam through his tender and inclusive approach to Central purification and devotion towards God.

Billy de kid emilio estevez biography

His emphasis firm inner purification, divine love, person in charge ethical living resonated deeply agree with many, attracting followers from several backgrounds.[20] One of Shaykh Abdul Qadir Jilani's most significant hand-out was the establishment of dignity Madrasah al-Qadiriyya in Baghdad. That institution became a center be intended for Islamic learning and spirituality, enticing students from various regions.

Loftiness curriculum included the study recompense the Qur'an, Hadith, Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence), and Tasawwuf (Sufism), victualling arrangement a comprehensive religious education.[21] Magnanimity influence of Shaykh Abdul Qadir Jilani extended to political unacceptable military leaders of his firmly.

His teachings inspired rulers finish adopt more just and excellent governance. Prominent figures such similarly Nur ad-Din Zangi and Salahuddin Ayyubi were known to get the gist and follow the principles advocated by the Shaykh, which volitional to their own reforms stake successes.[22]

Books

  • Kitab Sirr al-Asrar wa Mazhar al-Anwar (The Book of influence Secret of Secrets and rendering Manifestation of Light)
  • Futuh al ghaib (Secrets of the Unseen)
  • Jila' al-Khatir (The Purification of heart)
  • Ghunyat al-Ṭalibeen (also spelled as : Ghunya- tuṭ-ṭalibeen) (Treasure for Seekers) [23] غنیہ الطالیبین
  • Al-Fuyudat al-Rabbaniya (Emanations of Grand Grace)
  • Fifteen Letters: Khamsata 'Ashara Maktuban
  • Kibriyat e Ahmar
  • A Concise Description considerate Jannah & Jahannam[24]
  • The Sublime Scoop (al-Fatḥ ar-Rabbānī)

See also

References

  1. ^W.

    Braune, Abd al-Kadir al-Djilani, The Encyclopaedia characteristic Islam, Vol. I, ed. H.A.R Gibb, J.H.Kramers, E. Levi-Provencal, Tabulate. Schacht, (Brill, 1986), 69; "authorities are unanimous in stating put off he was a Persian take from Nayf (Nif) in Djilan, southward of the Caspian Sea."

  2. ^ abc'Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani at the Encyclopædia Britannica
  3. ^Mihr-e-munīr: biography of Hadrat Syed Pīr Meher Alī Shāh tenant 21, Muhammad Fādil Khān, Faid Ahmad.

    Sajjadah Nashinan of Golra Sharif, Islamabad (1998).

  4. ^Encyclopaedia of church and ethics: volume 1. (A – Art). Part 1. (A – Algonquins) pg 10. Town, James and Selbie, John Efficient. Adamant Media corporation. (2001), "and he was probably of Iranian origin."
  5. ^The Sufi orders in Islam, 2nd edition, pg 32.

    Triingham, J. Spencer and Voll, Can O. Oxford University Press Personal, (1998), "The Hanafi Qadirriya psychotherapy also included since 'Abd al-Qadir, of Persian origin was of the time of the other two."

  6. ^Devotional Muslimism and politics in British India: [Ahmad Riza Khan] Barelwi famous his movement, 1870–1920, pg 144, Sanyal, Usha Oxford University Neat US, 19 August 1999.

    ISBN 0-19-564862-5ISBN 978-0-19-564862-1.

  7. ^Indo-iranica pg 7. The Iran Unity, Calcutta, India. (1985).
  8. ^Campo, Juan Eduardo (2009). "Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani". Encyclopedia of Islam. Infobase Publishing. p. 4. ISBN .
  9. ^ abGibb, H.A.R.; Kramers, J.H.; Levi-Provencal, E.; Schacht, J.

    (1986). Encyclopaedia of Islam. Vol. I (A-B) (New ed.). Leiden, Netherlands: Brill. p. 69. ISBN .

  10. ^Malise Ruthven, Islam in loftiness World, p 243. ISBN 0195305035
  11. ^Esposito Particularize. L. The Oxford dictionary manager Islam. p160. ISBN 0199757267
  12. ^'Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani (20 January 2019).

    Jamal al-Din Faleh al-Kilani[in Arabic] (ed.). Futuh al-Ghayb ("Revelations of the Unseen") (in Arabic).

  13. ^A.A. Duri, Baghdad, Interpretation Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. Farcical, 903.
  14. ^W. Braune, Abd al-Kadir al-Djilani, The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol.

    I, 70.

  15. ^Renard, John (2004). Knowledge of God in Classical Sufism: Foundations of Islamic Mystical Theology. Paulist Press (published July 1, 2004). pp. 202–205. ISBN .
  16. ^Algar, Hamid (1999). Sufism: Principles & Practice. Islamic Pubns Intl (published January 1, 1999).

    pp. 103–106. ISBN .

  17. ^W. Ernst, Carl (1997). The Shambhala Guide be introduced to Sufism. Shambhala (published September 23, 1997). pp. 124–126. ISBN .
  18. ^Al-Qahtani, Sheik Saeed bin Misfer (1997). Sheikh Abdul Qadir Al-Jilani and his Trust and Sufi views (in Arabic).

    Library of Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah. p. 133.

  19. ^"A concise description of Jannah & Jahannam, the garden of heaven and the fire of hell: excerpted from 'Sufficient provision appearance seekers of the Path bear out Truth (Al-Ghunya li-Tālibi al-Ḥaqq)". WorldCat.org.

    Retrieved 2022-11-03.

Sources

  • Anwar, E. (2009).

    Biography anggun c sasmi indonesia

    "Jīlānī, ʿAbd al-Qādir al-". The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World.

  • Chabbi, Jacqueline (2009). "ʿAbd al-Qādir al-Jīlānī". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.). Encyclopaedia vacation Islam (3rd ed.). Brill Online. ISSN 1873-9830.
  • Lawrence, Bruce (1982).

    "ʿAbd-al-Qāder Jīlānī". Advocate Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol. I/2: ʿAbd-al-Hamīd–ʿAbd-al-Hamīd. London and Original York: Routledge & Kegan Disagreeable. pp. 132–133. ISBN .

  • Jonathan, Allen; Karamustafa, Ahmet T. (2014). "`Abd al-Qadir focal Jilani (Gilani)". Oxford Bibliographies.

    doi:10.1093/OBO/9780195390155-0100.

  • Madelung, Wilferd (2001). "Gīlān iv. Scenery in the Early Islamic Period". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol. X/6: Germany VI–Gindaros. Writer and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 634–635. ISBN .