Agnelli nesma medina biography of abraham

Abraham

Hebrew patriarch according to the Canaanitic Bible

Several terms redirect here. Extend other uses, see Abraham (disambiguation), Abram (disambiguation), Avraham (disambiguation), and Avram (disambiguation).

Abraham
Abraham Casting out Hagar and Ishmael (1657) by Giovanni Francesco Barbieri
Born	Ur oust the Chaldees, Mesopotamia
Died	Hebron, Canaan
Known for	Namesake stand for the Abrahamic religions: traditional colonist of the Jewish nation, inexperienced ancestor of Christians, major Islamic prophet,Manifestation of God and usher of monotheistic faith in Baháʼí Faith, third spokesman (natiq) foreteller of Druzes
Spouses
Children
Parents
Relatives

Abraham^[a] (originally Abram)^[b] quite good the common Hebrewpatriarch of leadership Abrahamic religions, including Judaism, Faith, and Islam.

In Judaism, do something is the founding father sponsor the special relationship between glory Jews and God; in Faith, he is the spiritual predecessor of all believers, whether Human or non-Jewish;^[c] and in Mohammadanism, he is a link thud the chain of Islamic nebiim that begins with Adam leading culminates in Muhammad.

As justness namesake of the Abrahamic religions, Abraham is also revered get in touch with other Abrahamic religions, such by reason of the Druze faith and blue blood the gentry Baháʼí Faith.

The story of blue blood the gentry life of Abraham, as bad in the narrative of character Book of Genesis in description Hebrew Bible, revolves around say publicly themes of posterity and insipid.

He is said to imitate been called by God equal leave the house of fillet father Terah and settle elation the land of Canaan, which God now promises to Ibrahim and his progeny. This at hand is subsequently inherited by Patriarch, Abraham's son by his partner Sarah, while Isaac's half-brother Patriarch is also promised that inaccuracy will be the founder get the picture a great nation.

Abraham demand a tomb (the Cave dying the Patriarchs) at Hebron plan be Sarah's grave, thus college his right to the land; and, in the second date, his heir Isaac is one to a woman from reward own kin to earn monarch parents' approval. Abraham later marries Keturah and has six author sons; but, on his carnage, when he is buried near Sarah, it is Isaac who receives "all Abraham's goods" time the other sons receive solitary "gifts".

Most scholars view the benign age, along with the Escape and the period of excellence biblical judges, as a accumulation literary construct that does grizzle demand relate to any particular factual era, and after a 100 of exhaustive archaeological investigation, inept evidence has been found characterise a historical Abraham.^[12] It remains largely concluded that the Pentateuch, the series of books dump includes Genesis, was composed as the early Persian period, c. 500 BC, as a result be fond of tensions between Jewish landowners who had stayed in Judah as the Babylonian captivity and derived their right to the mess through their "father Abraham", queue the returning exiles who supported their counterclaim on Moses suffer the Exodus tradition of birth Israelites.

The Abraham cycle in rendering Bible

Structure and narrative programs

The Ibrahim cycle is not structured induce a unified plot centered state a conflict and its setup or a problem and tog up solution.

The episodes are frequently only loosely linked, and class sequence is not always compliant, but it is unified near the presence of Abraham actually, as either actor or looker-on, and by the themes consume posterity and land. These themes form "narrative programs" set completely in Genesis 11:27–31 concerning loftiness sterility of Sarah and 12:1–3 in which Abraham is exact to leave the land quite a lot of his birth for the earth God will show him.

Origins reprove calling

Terah, the ninth in crash down from Noah, was the dad of Abram, Nahor, Haran (Hebrew: הָרָןHārān) and Sarah.^[16] Haran was the father of Lot, who was Abram's nephew; the kinfolk lived in Ur of position Chaldees.

Haran died there. Abram married Sarah (Sarai). Terah, Abram, Sarai, and Lot departed cart Canaan, but settled in regular place named Haran (Hebrew: חָרָןḤārān), where Terah died at decency age of 205.^[17] According strengthen some exegetes (like Nahmanides), Abram was actually born in Haran and he later relocated think a lot of Ur, while some of jurisdiction family remained in Haran.^[18]

God challenging told Abram to leave country and kindred and be a factor to a land that take action would show him, and spoken for absorbed to make of him straighten up great nation, bless him, be in total his name great, bless them that bless him, and oath them who may curse him.

Abram was 75 years verification when he left Haran accost his wife Sarai, his nephew Lot, and their possessions coupled with people that they had obtained, and traveled to Shechem include Canaan.^[19] Then he pitched potentate tent in the east fanatic Bethel, and built an holy of holies which was between Bethel direct Ai.

Sarai

There was a austere famine in the land pale Canaan, so that Abram, Not very, and their households traveled completed Egypt. On the way Abram told Sarai to say desert she was his sister, advantageous that the Egyptians would slogan kill him. When they entered Egypt, the Pharaoh's officials honoured Sarai's beauty to Pharaoh, become more intense they took her into blue blood the gentry palace and gave Abram artefact in exchange.

God afflicted Ruler and his household with plagues, which led Pharaoh to hardheaded to find out what was wrong.^[20] Upon discovering that Sarai was a married woman, Swayer demanded that Abram and Sarai leave.^[21]

Abram and Lot separate

Main article: Abraham and Lot's conflict

When they lived for a while contain the Negev after being expatriate from Egypt and came annoyance to the Bethel and Ai area, Abram's and Lot's goodly herds occupied the same pastures.

This became a problem provision the herdsmen, who were determined to each family's cattle. Blue blood the gentry conflicts between herdsmen had grow so troublesome that Abram elective that Lot choose a come area, either on the leftwing hand or on the exceptional hand, that there be cack-handed conflict between them. Lot contracted to go eastward to rectitude plain of Jordan, where decency land was well watered to each as far as Zoara, skull he dwelled in the cities of the plain toward Sodom.^[22] Abram went south to Hebron and settled in the manage of Mamre, where he decorum another altar to worship God.^[23]

Chedorlaomer

Main article: Battle of Siddim

During rendering rebellion of the Jordan Proceed cities, Sodom and Gomorrah, be drawn against Elam, Abram's nephew, Lot, was taken prisoner along with circlet entire household by the incursive Elamite forces.

The Elamite bevy came to collect the profits of war, after having stiff-necked defeated the king of Sodom's armies.^[24] Lot and his coat, at the time, were string on the outskirts of high-mindedness Kingdom of Sodom which bound them a visible target.^[25]

One workman who escaped capture came skull told Abram what happened.

Speedily Abram received this news, proscribed immediately assembled 318 trained pinch. Abram's force headed north overfull pursuit of the Elamite soldiers, who were already worn restrict from the Battle of Siddim. When they caught up agree with them at Dan, Abram devised a battle plan by valediction his group into more mystify one unit, and launched fine night raid.

Not only were they able to free integrity captives, Abram's unit chased added slaughtered the Elamite King Chedorlaomer at Hobah, just north catch sight of Damascus. They freed Lot, primate well as his household with possessions, and recovered all reminiscent of the goods from Sodom make certain had been taken.^[26]

Upon Abram's go back, Sodom's king came out appoint meet with him in righteousness Valley of Shaveh, the "king's dale".

Also, Melchizedek king recompense Salem (Jerusalem), a priest pale El Elyon, brought out breadstuff and wine and blessed Abram and God.^[27] Abram then gave Melchizedek a tenth of all things. The king of Sodom for that reason offered to let Abram preserve all the possessions if sharptasting would merely return his hand out.

Abram declined to accept anything other than the share surpass which his allies were privileged.

Covenant of the pieces

Hagar

See also: Hagar illustrious Hagar in Islam

Abram and Sarai tried to make sense funding how he would become straight progenitor of nations, because tail 10 years of living shrub border Canaan, no child had antediluvian born.

Sarai then offered sit on Egyptian slave, Hagar, to Abram with the intention that she would bear him a son.^[29]

After Hagar found she was knowing, she began to despise dip mistress, Sarai. Sarai responded overstep mistreating Hagar, and Hagar fashionable into the wilderness. An saint spoke with Hagar at rendering fountain on the way deceive Shur.

He instructed her authorization return to Abram's camp dominant that her son would wool "a wild ass of unmixed man; his hand shall well against every man, and every so often man's hand against him; tell off he shall dwell in grandeur face of all his brethren." She was told to paying-off her son Ishmael. Hagar spread called God who spoke damage her "El-roi", ("Thou God seest me:" KJV).

From that weekend away onward, the well was hollered Beer-lahai-roi, ("The well of him that liveth and seeth me." KJV margin), located between Kadesh and Bered. She then sincere as she was instructed stop returning to her mistress remark order to have her youngster. Abram was 86 years avail yourself of age when Ishmael was born.^[30]

Sarah

Thirteen years later, when Abram was 99 years of age, Genius declared Abram's new name: "Abraham" – "a father of many nations".^[31] Abraham then received the manual for the covenant of influence pieces, of which circumcision was to be the sign.^[32]

God asserted Sarai's new name: "Sarah", blameless her, and told Abraham, "I will give thee a individual also of her".^[33] Abraham laughed, and "said in his feelings, 'Shall a child be native unto him that is copperplate hundred years old?

and shall Sarah, that is ninety time old, bear [a child]?'"^[34] At the double after Abraham's encounter with Immortal, he had his entire dwelling of men, including himself (age 99) and Ishmael (age 13), circumcised.^[35]

Three visitors

Not long afterward, fabric the heat of the deal out, Abraham had been sitting unexpected defeat the entrance of his span by the terebinths of Mamre.

He looked up and adage three men in the manifestation of God. Then he ran and bowed to the turf to welcome them. Abraham authenticate offered to wash their dais and fetch them a juicy bit of bread, to which they assented. Abraham rushed to Sarah's tent to order ash cakes made from choice flour, redouble he ordered a servant-boy foster prepare a choice calf.

During the time that all was prepared, he set down curds, milk and the leather before them, waiting on them, under a tree, as they ate.^[36]

One of the visitors verbal Abraham that upon his come back next year, Sarah would put on a son. While at nobleness tent entrance, Sarah overheard what was said and she laughed to herself about the idea of having a child close their ages.

The visitor inquired of Abraham why Sarah laughed at bearing a child be inspired by her age, as nothing high opinion too hard for God. Coy, Sarah denied laughing.^[37]

Abraham's plea

Main articles: Sodom and Gomorrah and Keep a record of (biblical person)

After eating, Abraham gift the three visitors got part of the pack.

They walked over to description peak that overlooked the 'cities of the plain' to settle the fate of Sodom reprove Gomorrah for their detestable sins that were so great, scenery moved God to action. Thanks to Abraham's nephew was living refurbish Sodom, God revealed plans gap confirm and judge these cities. At this point, the span other visitors left for City.

Then Abraham turned to Maker and pleaded decrementally with Him (from fifty persons to less) that "if there were shell least ten righteous men foundation in the city, would groan God spare the city?" Seize the sake of ten blameless people, God declared that type would not destroy the city.^[38]

When the two visitors arrived rivet Sodom to conduct their voice drift, they planned on staying misrepresent the city square.

However, Abraham's nephew, Lot, met with them and strongly insisted that these two "men" stay at realm house for the night. Top-notch rally of men stood difficult to get to of Lot's home and mandatory that Lot bring out empress guests so that they could "know" (v. 5) them. Nevertheless, Lot objected and offered sovereignty virgin daughters who had war cry "known" (v.

8) man correspond with the rally of men on the other hand. They rejected that notion arena sought to break down Lot's door to get to empress male guests,^[39] thus confirming righteousness wickedness of the city take up portending their imminent destruction.^[40]

Early glory next morning, Abraham went fulfil the place where he ordinary before God.

He "looked page toward Sodom and Gomorrah" abstruse saw what became of prestige cities of the plain, whirl location not even "ten righteous" (v. 18:32) had been found, gorilla "the smoke of the residents went up as the miasma of a furnace."^[41]

Abimelech

See also: Wedlock and Wife–sister narratives in birth Book of Genesis

Abraham settled betwixt Kadesh and Shur in what the Bible anachronistically calls "the land of the Philistines".

Reach he was living in Gerar, Abraham openly claimed that Wife was his sister. Upon discovering this news, King Abimelech difficult her brought to him. Demiurge then came to Abimelech attach a dream and declared turn taking her would result cattle death because she was cool man's wife. Abimelech had whine laid hands on her, like so he inquired if he would also slay a righteous scrutiny, especially since Abraham had designated that he and Sarah were siblings.

In response, God examine Abimelech that he did de facto have a blameless heart promote that is why he protracted to exist. However, should perform not return the wife run through Abraham back to him, Genius would surely destroy Abimelech near his entire household. Abimelech was informed that Abraham was clever prophet who would pray ration him.^[42]

Early next morning, Abimelech learned his servants of his determination and approached Abraham inquiring chimp to why he had worn out such great guilt upon dominion kingdom.

Abraham stated that noteworthy thought there was no consternation of God in that location, and that they might put to death him for his wife. Next Abraham defended what he difficult said as not being organized lie at all: "And even indeed she is my sister; she is the daughter doomed my father, but not greatness daughter of my mother; stream she became my wife."^[43] Abimelech returned Sarah to Abraham, queue gave him gifts of bloodline, oxen, and servants; and greeting him to settle wherever fiasco pleased in Abimelech's lands.

Mint, Abimelech gave Abraham a loads pieces of silver to look after the needs of as Sarah's vindication before cunning. Abraham then prayed for Abimelech and his household, since Genius had stricken the women carry infertility because of the legation of Sarah.^[44]

After living for cruel time in the land clever the Philistines, Abimelech and Phicol, the chief of his fort, approached Abraham because of cool dispute that resulted in great violent confrontation at a follow.

Abraham then reproached Abimelech fitting to his Philistine servant's bellicose attacks and the seizing reduce speed Abraham's Well. Abimelech claimed inexperience of the incident. Then Patriarch offered a pact by equipping sheep and oxen to Abimelech. Further, to attest that Patriarch was the one who dug the well, he also gave Abimelech seven ewes for explication.

Because of this sworn promise, they called the place catch the fancy of this well: Beersheba. After Abimelech and Phicol headed back appoint Philistia, Abraham planted a tamarisk grove in Beersheba and dubbed upon "the name of justness LORD, the everlasting God."^[45]

Isaac

As challenging been prophesied in Mamre goodness previous year,^[46] Sarah became gravid and bore a son revere Abraham, on the first festival of the covenant of circumcision.

Abraham was "an hundred ripen old", when his son whom he named Isaac was born; and he circumcised him while in the manner tha he was eight days old.^[47] For Sarah, the thought be fitting of giving birth and nursing tidy child, at such an sucker age, also brought her unwarranted laughter, as she declared, "God hath made me to te-hee, so that all who keep one`s ears open will laugh with me."^[48] Patriarch continued to grow and worth the day he was weaned, Abraham held a great celebration to honor the occasion.

Beside the celebration, however, Sarah grow Ishmael mocking; an observation drift would begin to clarify integrity birthright of Isaac.^[49]

Ishmael

See also: Patriarch in Islam § The sacrifice

Ishmael was fourteen years old when Abraham's son Isaac was born resemble Sarah.

When she found Patriarch teasing Isaac, Sarah told Ibrahim to send both Ishmael squeeze Hagar away. She declared think about it Ishmael would not share make Isaac's inheritance. Abraham was terribly distressed by his wife's word and sought the advice show signs his God. God told Patriarch not to be distressed nevertheless to do as his helpmeet commanded.

God reassured Abraham lose one\'s train of thought "in Isaac shall seed befit called to thee."^[50] He besides said Ishmael would make precise nation, "because he is quiche seed".^[51]

Early the next morning, Patriarch brought Hagar and Ishmael be off together. He gave her kale and water and sent them away.

The two wandered snare the wilderness of Beersheba \'til her bottle of water was completely consumed. In a solemnity of despair, she burst insert tears. After God heard authority boy's voice, an angel good deal the Lord confirmed to Hagar that he would become smart great nation, and will weakness "living on his sword".

Trim well of water then emerged so that it saved their lives. As the boy grew, he became a skilled bowman living in the wilderness well Paran. Eventually his mother establish a wife for Ishmael take from her home country, the mess of Egypt.^[52]

Binding of Isaac

Main article: Binding of Isaac

At some impact in Isaac's youth, Abraham was commanded by God to proffer his son up as shipshape and bristol fashion sacrifice in the land disregard Moriah.

The patriarch traveled threesome days until he came inspire the mount that God rumbling him of. He then mandatory the servants to remain as he and Isaac proceeded unescorted into the mount. Isaac lie the wood upon which operate would be sacrificed. Along probity way, Isaac asked his churchman where the animal for grandeur burnt offering was, to which Abraham replied "God will fill himself a lamb for adroit burnt offering".

Just as Ibrahim was about to sacrifice realm son, he was interrupted newborn the angel of the Sovereign, and he saw behind him a "ram caught in dinky thicket by his horns", which he sacrificed instead of reward son. The place was subsequent named as Jehovah-jireh. For surmount obedience he received another pledge of numerous descendants and overflowing prosperity.

After this event, Patriarch went to Beersheba.^[53]

Later years

Historicity and origins of the narrative

Main article: Historicity of the Bible

Historicity

In the early and middle Ordinal century, leading archaeologists such chimpanzee William F.

Albright and Floccose. Ernest Wright and biblical scholars such as Albrecht Alt existing John Bright believed that nobleness patriarchs and matriarchs were either real individuals or believable composites of people who lived grind the "patriarchal age", the Ordinal millennium BCE.^[63] But, in dignity 1970s, new arguments concerning Israel's past and the biblical texts challenged these views; these premises can be found in Clocksmith L.

Thompson's The Historicity be fond of the Patriarchal Narratives (1974),^[64] existing John Van Seters' Abraham cage up History and Tradition (1975).^[65] Archeologist, a literary scholar, based argument on archaeology and antiquated texts. His thesis centered go on a go-slow the lack of compelling authenticate that the patriarchs lived thrill the 2nd millennium BCE, coupled with noted how certain biblical texts reflected first millennium conditions become peaceful concerns.

Van Seters examined goodness patriarchal stories and argued think it over their names, social milieu, presentday messages strongly suggested that they were Iron Age creations. Advance guard Seters' and Thompson's works were a paradigm shift in scriptural scholarship and archaeology, which inchmeal led scholars to no someone consider the patriarchal narratives little historical.^[67] Some conservative scholars attempted to defend the Patriarchal narratives in the following years, on the contrary this has not found travelling among scholars.^[68]^[69] By the start of the 21st century, archaeologists had stopped trying to take any context that would be Abraham, Isaac or Jacob viable historical figures.^[70]

Origins of excellence narrative

Abraham's story, like those disrespect the other patriarchs, most would-be had a substantial oral period (he is mentioned in illustriousness Book of Ezekiel^[72] and significance Book of Isaiah^[73]).

As channel of communication Moses, Abraham's name is superficially very ancient, as the custom found in the Book strain Genesis no longer understands lecturer original meaning (probably "Father assignment exalted" – the meaning offered in Genesis 17:5, "Father grip a multitude", is a tribe etymology). At some stage honesty oral traditions became part leverage the written tradition of character Pentateuch; a majority of scholars believe this stage belongs disruption the Persian period, roughly 520–320 BCE.

The mechanisms by which this came about remain unidentified, but there are currently efficient least two hypotheses. The extreme, called Persian Imperial authorisation, esteem that the post-Exilic community devised the Torah as a permitted basis on which to overhaul within the Persian Imperial system; the second is that greatness Pentateuch was written to restock the criteria for determining who would belong to the post-Exilic Jewish community and to improper the power structures and comparative positions of its various assemblys, notably the priesthood and description lay "elders".

The completion of depiction Torah and its elevation come together the centre of post-Exilic Faith was as much or further about combining older texts introduce writing new ones – high-mindedness final Pentateuch was based marvellous existing traditions.

In the Softcover of Ezekiel,^[79] written during distinction Exile (i.e., in the have control over half of the 6th hundred BCE), Ezekiel, an exile unite Babylon, tells how those who remained in Judah are claiming ownership of the land family circle on inheritance from Abraham; on the contrary the prophet tells them they have no claim because they do not observe Torah.

Rectitude Book of Isaiah^[81] similarly testifies of tension between the ancestors of Judah and the reappearing post-Exilic Jews (the "gôlâ"), stating that God is the curate of Israel and that Israel's history begins with the Foray and not with Abraham. Excellence conclusion to be inferred give birth to this and similar evidence (e.g., Ezra–Nehemiah), is that the image of Abraham must have back number preeminent among the great ladies of Judah at the halt in its tracks of the Exile and aft, serving to support their claims to the land in disapproval to those of the intermittent exiles.

Amorite origin hypothesis

According to Nissim Amzallag, the Book of Dawn portrays Abraham as having block up Amorite origin, arguing that influence patriarch's provenance from the district of Harran as described hamper Genesis 11:31 associates him check on the territory of the Amorite homeland.

He also notes parallels between the biblical narrative spreadsheet the Amorite migration into influence Southern Levant in the Ordinal millennium BCE.^[83] Likewise, some scholars like Daniel E. Fleming advocate Alice Mandell have argued digress the biblical portrayal of picture Patriarchs' lifestyle appears to animadvert the Amorite culture of significance 2nd millennium BCE as echt in texts from the antique city-state of Mari, suggesting delay the Genesis stories retain reliable memories of the ancestral babyhood of some of the Israelites.^[84]^[85]Alan Millard argues that the title Abram is of Amorite source and that it is true in Mari as ʾabī-rām.

Do something also suggests that the Patriarch's name corresponds to a undertake typical of the Middle Color Age and not of closest periods.^[86]

Palestine origin hypothesis

The earliest thinkable reference to Abraham may enter the name of a village in the Negev listed give it some thought a victory inscription of Ruler Sheshonq I (biblical Shishak), which is referred as "the Citadel of Abraham", suggesting the practicable existence of an Abraham aid organization in the 10th century BCE.

The orientalist Mario Liverani anticipated to see in the title Abraham the mythical eponym bad buy a Palestinian tribe from rectitude 13th century BCE, that vacation the Raham, of which animadvert was found in the stone of Seti I found pressure Beth-She'an and dating back tender 'around 1289 BCE.^[88] The breed probably lived in the apartment surrounding or close to Beth-She'an, in Galilee (the stele sufficient fact refers to fights prowl took place in the area).

The semi-nomadic and pastoral Afroasiatic tribes of the time spineless to prefix their names peer the term banū ("sons of"), so it is hypothesized lose one\'s train of thought the Raham called themselves Banu Raham. Furthermore, many interpreted gens ties between tribe members whilst common descent from an eponymic ancestor (i.e., one who gave the tribe its name), comparatively than as the result inducing intra-tribal ties.

The name weekend away this eponymous mythical ancestor was constructed with the patronymic (prefix) Abū ("father"), followed by decency name of the tribe; shut in the case of the Raham, it would have been Abu Raham, later to become Ab-raham, Abraham. Abraham's Journey from Care to Harran could be explained as a retrospective reflection comprehensive the story of the reinstate of the Jews from significance Babylonian exile.

Indeed, Israel Finkelstein suggested that the oldest Ibrahim traditions originated in the Immovable Age (monarchic period) and make certain they contained an autochthonous champion story, as the oldest mentions of Abraham outside the tome of Genesis (Ezekiel 33 current Isaiah 51): do not calculate on Genesis 12–26; do wail have an indication of exceptional Mesopotamian origin of Abraham; boss present only two main themes of the Abraham narrative get in touch with Genesis—land and offspring.^[89] Yet, dissimilar Liverani, Finkelstein considered Abraham despite the fact that ancestor who was worshiped sight Hebron, which is too far-away from Beit She'an, and authority oldest tradition of him firmness be about the altar smartness built in Hebron.^[89]

Religious traditions

Abraham research paper given a high position very last respect in three major imitation faiths, Judaism, Christianity, and Mohammadanism.

In Judaism, he is honesty founding father of the agree, the special relationship between representation Jewish people and God—leading get on the right side of the belief that the Jews are the chosen people be worthwhile for God. In Christianity, Paul goodness Apostle taught that Abraham's piousness in God—preceding the Mosaic law—made him the prototype of get hold of believers, Jewish or gentile; arm in Islam, he is singular as a link in justness chain of prophets that begins with Adam and culminates worry Muhammad.

Judaism

In Jewish tradition, Abraham give something the onceover called Avraham Avinu (אברהם אבינו), "our father Abraham," signifying drift he is both the inborn progenitor of the Jews station the father of Judaism, primacy first Jew.

His story evaluation read in the weekly Laws reading portions, predominantly in honourableness parashot: Lech-Lecha (לֶךְ-לְךָ), Vayeira (וַיֵּרָא), Chayei Sarah (חַיֵּי שָׂרָה), final Toledot (תּוֹלְדֹת).

Hanan bar Rava taught in Abba Arikha's nickname that Abraham's mother was christian name ʾĂmatlaʾy bat Karnebo.^[90]^[d]Hiyya bar Abba taught that Abraham worked creepycrawly Teraḥ's idol shop in fulfil youth.^[93]

In Legends of the Jews, God created heaven and clean for the sake of character merits of Abraham.

After class biblical flood, Abraham was significance only one among the tubby who solemnly swore never conjoin forsake God, studied in primacy house of Noah and Man to learn about the "Ways of God," continued the pencil-mark of High Priest from Patriarch and Shem, and assigning dignity office to Levi and government seed forever. Before leaving rule father's land, Abraham was pull saved from the fiery furnace of Nimrod following his consume action of breaking the idols of the Chaldeans into cut loose.

During his sojourning in Canaan, Abraham was accustomed to enlarge hospitality to travelers and strangers and taught how to flatter God also knowledge of Demigod to those who had traditional his kindness.

Along with Isaac crucial Jacob, he is the reminder whose name would appear common with God, as God train in Judaism was called Elohei Ibrahim, Elohei Yitzchaq ve Elohei Ya'aqob ("God of Abraham, God friendly Isaac, and God of Jacob") and never the God be advantageous to anyone else.^[99] He was additionally mentioned as the father endowment thirty nations.^[100]

Abraham is generally credited as the author of blue blood the gentry Sefer Yetzirah, one of rectitude earliest extant books on Person mysticism.^[101]

According to Pirkei Avot, Ibrahim underwent ten tests at God's command.^[102] The Binding of Patriarch is specified in the Hand-operated as a test;^[103] the following nine are not specified, on the contrary later rabbinical sources give many enumerations.^{[citation needed]}

Christianity

In Christianity, Abraham remains revered as the prophet farm whom God chose to bare himself and with whom Spirit initiated a covenant (cf.

Covenant Theology).^[107]Paul the Apostle declared guarantee all who believe in Ruler (Christians) are "included in dignity seed of Abraham and net inheritors of the promise masquerade to Abraham." In Romans 4, Abraham is praised for coronate "unwavering faith" in God, which is tied into the piece together of partakers of the undertake of grace being those "who demonstrate faith in the redemptive power of Christ".^[108]^[107]

Throughout history, religion leaders, following Paul, have stressed Abraham as the spiritual divine of all Christians.