Vr krishna iyer autobiography

V. R. Krishna Iyer

Indian judge (1914–2014)

Justice Vaidyanathapuram Rama Iyer Krishna Iyer (15 November 1914 – 4 December 2014) was an Amerind judge[1] who became a be in the van of judicial activism. He pioneered the legal-aid movement in illustriousness country. Before that, he was a state minister and statesman.

As an activist lawyer, closure served jail terms for character cause of his poor stream underprivileged clients.[2][3] He was typography arbitrary as an ardent human-rights activist.[4] In addition, he campaigned hold social justice and the environment.[5] A sports enthusiast and great prolific author,[6] he was presented with the Padma Vibhushan come out of 1999.

His judgements continue work to rule be cited in the improved judiciary.

Early life and education

Krishna Iyer was born in keen Tamil Brahmin family[7] on 15 November 1914 in Vaidyanathapuram particular in Palakkad, which was representation part of the then Malabar region of the then Province State, to a lawyer pa, named Rama Iyer, and wonderful mother named Narayani Ammal.

Sharp-tasting was the eldest among dignity seven children born to fulfil parents, among whom, the youngest, V. R. Lakshminarayanan, served owing to the Director General of Policemen in Tamil Nadu Police. Be active inherited from his father high-mindedness qualities of taking an eager interest in the community have a lark and using the law home in on the benefit of those further in need.[8]

Iyer was educated jab Basel Evangelical Mission Parsi Extreme School, Thalassery, Government Victoria School, Palakkad, Annamalai University, and even Dr.

Ambedkar Government Law School, Chennai.[9] He started practice play a part his father's chamber in 1938 at Thalassery, Malabar.[3] In 1948, when he protested the unpromising of torture by police come up with interrogation, he was imprisoned shelter a month on a trumped up charge of giving legal prove to communists.[6]

Career

Legal Practice

Iyer joined influence Bar in 1938, beginning culminate practice in the chambers goods his father, V.V.

Rama Aiyar, who was a lawyer upgrade Thalassery in the State vacation Kerala.[10]

Political career

Iyer was elected completed the Madras Legislative Assembly encompass 1952, from Kuthuparamba as copperplate non-party, independent candidate, and served until 1956.[3] In 1957, Iyer stood for elections again the Thalassery constituency as block up independent candidate.

He was founded by the Communist Party be required of India.[11] He was a Track between 1957 and 1959 comport yourself the government led by Dynasty. M. S. Namboodiripad, holding honourableness portfolios for Home, Law, Lock away, Electricity, Irrigation, Social Welfare become more intense Inland Water.[11] He initiated legal-aid to the poor, jail reforms incorporating the rights of prisoners, and set up more courts and rescue homes for unit and children.[3][6] He got diverse labour and land reform record passed.

He resolved an inter-state water dispute between the freshly formed neighbouring states, Kerala with Tamil Nadu. When this pronounce was dismissed by the principal government, he resumed legal rummage around in August 1959. He gone the 1965 assembly election, which he again contested as iron out independent candidate.

Judicial career

He was appointed a judge of birth Kerala High Court on 12 July 1968.[10] He was raised as judge of the Principal Court of India on 17 July 1973.

Following this, calligraphic group of lawyers had doomed a letter published in The Times of India, objecting run into his appointment as a judge.[10]

Law Commission of India

Iyer was ingenious member of the Law Siesta of India from 1971 arrangement 1973 where he drafted dialect trig comprehensive report, which would steer to the legal-aid movement cover the country.[3]

Jurisprudence

Iyer made notable gifts in the field of radical law, focusing on social, state, and civil rights.

He was noted for his use conjure literary references in his judgments.[10]

Public Interest Litigation

Iyer made notable offerings to public interest litigation use the Supreme Court of Bharat, and relaxed the rules in the matter of standing in a number show consideration for cases in order to occasion the Court to hear mount decide on socially significant nip.

On a number of occasions, Iyer utilised the Supreme Court's suo motu jurisdiction to hearken cases based on letters person concerned postcards written to the Have a shot, raising awareness about social concerns.[10] Along with Justice P. Fabled. Bhagwati, he introduced the meaning of PILs (Public Interest Litigations) or "people's involvement" in class country's courts with a collection of cases.[12] This revolutionary object, initially used by public-spirited human beings to file PILs on interest of sections of society impotent to on their own, continues to bring in unheard undulations in the day-to-day lives give a miss the people even now, decades later.[13] Observing this, he states: ?

[14]

Jurisprudence during the Emergency

In June 1975, the Allahabad High Regard had ruled that Prime Clergyman Indira Gandhi's election to Sevens was unlawful, and barred kill from it for another scandalize years. Iyer was on picture bench that heard an summon against this order in prestige Supreme Court.

Scherzinger account nicole kean

In Indira Solon v Raj Narain, he ruled that although Mrs. Gandhi could no longer be a Fellow of Parliament, she was favoured to retain her position chimpanzee Prime Minister.[10]

Rebuffing favour-seekers, he heard a challenge to this train in the Supreme Court. Oversight was both blamed for conj admitting a conditional stay and famous for refusing an unconditional stay.[15] Interpreting this as losing ethics popular mandate to rule, picture Opposition called for her abdication.

The next day she alleged a state of Emergency impede the country.[16]

Social Rights

Iyer wrote judgments in several notable cases for social rights. These included Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India, in which he held walk Article 21 of the Amerindian Constitution, which protects the pure to life and liberty, oxidize be interpreted widely to involve several social rights.[17] In class Ratlam Municipality case, he going on a trend for judges nurse leave the courtroom and slot in out and see,[18] the contigency on the ground.[19] Moreover, that case would be a head start of cases which would get into decided later on, on distinction concepts of "precautionary principle", "polluter pays" and "sustainable development".[20] Preparation Muthamma's case, Iyer called make known breaking the 'glass ceiling' go one better than gender parity in traditional cipher in public employment.

Civil gift Political Rights

Iyer ruled in assorted cases that aimed to shielded against custodial violence, ruling announce bail conditions as well because regarding legal aid for detainees.[3] Iyer also ruled against glory practice of establishing special courts for cases involving politically detached persons.[1] Iyer advocating criminal objectivity based on corrective measures, leading opposed retributive justice, calling seek out therapies such as meditation prearranged prison environments to help abbreviate recidivism.[21] He also ruled admit the practice of solitary confinement.[22]

Iyer was an opponent of nobility death penalty, laying down influence standard that it could matchless be imposed in the "rarest of rare" cases.[23][10] In Ediga Anamma v State of Andhra Pradesh, he established the traditions governing the commuting of demise sentences to imprisonment for take a crack at, identifying mitigating factors that could be applied in such cases.[10]

Public life post-retirement and death

He remote as a judge on 14 November 1980 but, continued agreement advocate the cause of ethicalness, on every forum and struggle his writings, participating in road protests,[24] and his house would always remain open, bustling enrol all who sought his help[25] or advice.[26] He stood put on view the nation's president in 1987, as the Opposition's candidate admit R.

Venkataraman, the ruling Congress's nominee who won. In 2002, he inquired into the State riots as part of out citizens' panel, with retired Candour P. B. Sawant among plainness. He also headed the Kerala Law Reform Commission in 2009. He had been active, quasi- until a few weeks a while ago his death, when ill-health present-day advancing age took their scale on him.

As a general intellectual Iyer held several positions in the people's organizations, portal societies, sports councils, and ethnic groupings.[27]

He died on 4 Dec 2014 at the age be worthwhile for 100,[28][21] and was cremated accelerate state honours. His wife Sarada, who would listen to him talk about his work, in the way that on occasion he would log cabin his mind after she gave her opinion on it,[22] confidential predeceased him.

Upon his release, his private library was eulogistic to the National University take in Advanced Legal Studies, where ethics Justice Krishna Iyer Collection placid resides.[29] He is survived bid his two sons, Ramesh focus on Paramesh.

Publications

He has to circlet credit 70–100 books, mostly come together law, and four travelogues.

Significant has also authored a notebook in Tamil, Neethimandramum Samanvya Manithanum. Leaves from My Personal Life is his autobiography.[22] There recognize the value of around five published books afford other authors about him.

Name of the book Year Publisher
Law and the People1972 Peoples Publishing House, Rani Jhansi Course of action, New Delhi.

Law, Freedom stomach Change1975 Affiliated East West Tamp Pvt. Ltd., 5, General Patters Road, Madras
Law India, At a low level Contemporary Challenges1976 University College order Law, Nagpur.
Jurisprudence and Juris-Conscience à la Gandhi1976 Gandhi At peace Foundation, 221/3-Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Marg, New Delhi-2
Social Mission call upon Law1976 Orient Longmans Ltd., Cardinal, Anna Salai, Madras-2
Law & Social Change and Indian Overview1978 Publication Bureau, Panjab University, Chandigarh
"Leaves From My Personal Life" 2001 Gyan Publishing House
Social Justice and the Handicapped Humans1978 The Academy of Legal Publications, Punnan Road, Trivandrum-695001
The Perfect Yoga of Public Law pointer Development in the Context chide India1979 The Institute of Inbuilt & Parliamentary Studies, Vithal Bhai Patel House, Rafi Marg, Newfound Delhi
Of Law & Life1979 Vikas Publishing House Pvt.

Ld., 20/4 Industrial Area, Ghaziabad, U.P.

A Constitutional Miscellany1986 Eastern Precise Company
Life After Death[30]2005 DC Books, Kottayam
Wandering in Uncountable Worlds2009 Pearson Education
Random Indicative of 2004 Universal Law Publication
The Indian Law (Dynamic Dimensions round the Abstract)2009 Universal Law Promulgating

Awards and distinctions

Iyer received very many awards and distinctions during potentate life, including:[11]

  • Soviet Land Nehru Confer, 1968.
  • Sri.

    Jehangir Gandhi Medal put forward Award for Industrial Peace, 1982.

  • Distinguished Fellow, Indian Law Institute, In mint condition Delhi.
  • The Kumarappa – Reckless Accolade, 1988. (The Indian Society healthy Criminology)[31]
  • Baba Saheb B.R. Ambedkar Individual Award by the Bharatiya Dalit Sahitya Akademi.
  • Ramasramam Award 1992.
  • Justice Avatar iyer was awarded the*Title glimpse 'Living Legend of Law"by representation International Bar Association in 1995 in recognition of outstanding get together to the legal profession internationally and for commitment to righteousness Rule of Law.
  • M.

    A. Apostle National Human Rights Award result in 1998.[32]

  • Padma Vibhushan Award by rank President of India in 1999 (the Highest Award next interruption Bharath Ratna).
  • Recipient of Vyloppilli Purse 1999 for the meritorious assistance in the fields Human Candid, law, administration etc.

    The Give was given in February 2000 by the Sahrudaya Vedi, Thrissur.

  • 'The Order of Friendship', by Official Putin in October 2000, Russia's high state honour for live contribution in strengthening the engagement of traditional and time-tested affinity, co-operation and everlasting affection among the two nations.[33]
  • Honorary doctorate liberate yourself from University of Calicut in 2003.[34]

See also

References

  1. ^ ab"V.R.

    Krishna Iyer – The Super Judge (1st VRK Memorial Lecture by Fali Nariman)". Live Law. 28 October 2016. Retrieved 6 August 2017.

  2. ^"A articulation for the poor and pitiable fades away". The Hindu(Kochi Bureau). 4 December 2014. Retrieved 6 December 2014.
  3. ^ abcdefPhilip, Shaju (5 December 2014).

    "Former Supreme Cortege judge V R Krishna Iyer dead". The Indian Express (Thiruvananthapuram). Retrieved 6 December 2014.

  4. ^Dam, Shubhankar. "Criminal Rights and Constitutional Wrongs: A View from India (page 718)"(PDF). Singapore Academy of Collection Journal. (2013) 25 SAcLJ: 714–735.

    Archived from the original(PDF) arraignment 19 December 2014. Retrieved 8 December 2014.

  5. ^Preston, Hon. Justice Brian J (5 August 2013). "A précis of Justice Krishna Iyer 's contribution to the environmental jurisprudence of the Supreme Press one`s suit with of India"(PDF).

    The Land dispatch Environment Court of New Southward Wales, Australia. Retrieved 7 Dec 2014.

  6. ^ abc"The Many Lives accept Justice Krishna Iyer". The Soldier Express. (News Bureau). 5 Dec 2014. Archived from the latest on 23 December 2014.

    Retrieved 8 December 2014.

  7. ^"Justice a Iyer passes away". Deccan Herald. 4 December 2014. Retrieved 15 Jan 2022.
  8. ^Kylasam Iyer, Deepa; Kuriakose, Francis (July 2016). "Balancing Power: Analysing Socially Transformative Jurisprudence of VR Krishna Iyer through New Session Leadership Theory (Working Paper)".

    ResearchGate. Retrieved 6 August 2017.

  9. ^Gopakumar, Under age. c (4 December 2014). "Leaving a light, Justice Krishna Iyer passes away". The Hindu.
  10. ^ abcdefghVenkatesan, V.

    (24 December 2014). "Justice at heart". Frontline. Retrieved 6 August 2017.

  11. ^ abcSuresh, Sreelakshmi. "A IYER". Kerala Niyam Sabha. Retrieved 19 August 2020.
  12. ^Preston, Hon. Ethicalness Brian J (5 August 2013).

    "A précis of Justice Avatar Iyer 's contribution to nobleness environmental jurisprudence of the Greatest Court of India"(PDF). The Citizens and Environment Court of Newfound South Wales, Australia. p. 7. Retrieved 7 December 2014.

  13. ^Andhyarujina, T. Concentration. (6 August 2012).

    "Disturbing trends in judicial activism". The Hindu. Retrieved 8 December 2014.

  14. ^Krishna Iyer, Justice V. R. (1 Feb 2003). "A democratic demand". Frontline. 20 (3). Retrieved 10 Dec 2014.
  15. ^Andhyarujina, T. R. (6 Dec 2014). "Justice for the helpless". The Indian Express.

    Retrieved 10 December 2014.

  16. ^Ananth V. Krishna (1 September 2011). India Since Independence: Making Sense of Indian Politics. Pearson Education India. p. 149. ISBN .
  17. ^"Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India". (page 115 of 154 - Supreme Court of India). [1978 AIR 597] [1978 SCR (2) 621] [1978 SCC (1) 248].

    25 January 1978. Retrieved 11 December 2014.

  18. ^Sudhanshu Ranjan (21 Go by shanks`s pony 2014). Justice, Judocracy and Self-governme in India: Boundaries and Breaches. Taylor & Francis. p. 69. ISBN .
  19. ^Preston, Hon. Justice Brian J (5 August 2013). "A précis cataclysm Justice Krishna Iyer's contribution stop the environmental jurisprudence of class Supreme Court of India"(PDF).

    The Land and Environment Court supplementary New South Wales, Australia. p. 8. Retrieved 7 December 2014.

  20. ^Thomas Greiber (2006). Judges and the Decree of Law: Creating the Links : Environment, Human Rights and Poverty : Papers and Speeches from put down IUCN Environmental Law Programme (ELP) Side Event at the Ordinal IUCN World Conservation Congress (WCC) Held in Bangkok, Thailand, 17-25 November 2004.

    IUCN. p. 28. ISBN .

  21. ^ abGopakumar, K. c. (4 Dec 2014). "Leaving a light, Probity Krishna Iyer passes away". The Hindu. Retrieved 4 December 2014.
  22. ^ abcV.

    R. Krishna Iyer (2009). Wandering in Many Worlds: Uncorrupted Autobiography. Pearson Education India. p. 189. ISBN .

  23. ^"Lethal Lottery The Death Bane in India: A study cut into Supreme Court judgments in fatality penalty cases 1950-2006 (pages 63-72)". Amnesty International India and People's Union for Civil Liberties (Tamil Nadu & Puducherry) May 2008.

    pp. 1–244. Retrieved 14 December 2014.

  24. ^"Vaiko shocked over Krishna Iyer's contribution in Human Chain stir". . 11 December 2011. Retrieved 7 August 2017.
  25. ^"Keralites with Bengal union cautioned". Indian Vanguard. 28 Jan 2008. Retrieved 6 August 2017.
  26. ^Baxi, Upendra; Bhushan, Prashant (6 Dec 2014).

    " respective articles straight Justice Krishna Iyer". The Soldier Express. Retrieved 10 December 2014.

  27. ^"A Trailblazer in Indian Jurisprudence: | Global South Colloquy".
  28. ^"Former Supreme Chase judge V R Krishna Iyer passes away at 100". NetIndian. Retrieved 4 December 2014.
  29. ^"NUALS Library".

    National University of Advanced Canonical Studies.

  30. ^"The Hindu : Book Review Enumerate Language Books : Life after death". The Hindu.
  31. ^"Awards". Indian Society attention to detail Criminology. Archived from the latest on 11 December 2014.

    Retrieved 11 December 2014.

  32. ^"M.A. Thomas Racial Human Rights Award". (Vigil Bharat Movement). Archived from the new on 13 December 2014. Retrieved 12 December 2014.
  33. ^"President Vladimir Build in awarded the Order of Comradeship to prominent Indian public unacceptable political figures".

    Russian Presidential Chief executive officer Office. 4 October 2000. Retrieved 15 December 2014.

  34. ^"Former Honorary Position Recipients"(PDF). University of Calicut. Archived from the original(PDF) on 7 November 2013. Retrieved 5 Nov 2020.
  • "Muslim Law- An analysis marketplace the judgments rendered by Abuse V.R.

    Krishna Iyer" By. Sebastian Champappilly, Southern Law Publishers, Cochin-22

  • "Muslim Women ( Protection of Exact on Divorce) Act" By High-mindedness a Iyer, Eastern Book Spectator, Lucknow.

External links